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The Effect of Aerosolized and Intravenously Administered Clenbuterol and Aerosolized Fluticasone Propionate on Horses Challenged with Aspergillus fumigatus Antigen

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Abstract

β-Agonists have been shown to display anti-inflammatory properties in several experimental models. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of clenbuterol (CB), administered either intravenously or by aerosol, in comparison with fluticasone propionate (FP) in recurrent airway obstruction (RAO)-susceptible horses. Eight horses, of which five were known to be susceptible to RAO, underwent an inhalation challenge with Aspergillus fumigatus (AF) antigen and were treated with CB intravenously, CB by aerosol, or FP by aerosol. Twenty-four hours after the challenge, bronchoalveolar lavage was performed, the total and differential cell counts were assessed, and cytokines were measured in isolated alveolar macrophages. After challenge with AF, RAO-susceptible horses showed an increase in total cell count, based on an increase in macrophages and lymphocytes, which was inhibited by treatment with intravenous CB, aerosolized CB and aerosolized FP. Neutrophil ratios were decreased when treated with aerosolized CB and FP. Expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL −8 was significantly increased after AF challenge .Interleukin −1β was significantly decreased following treatment with intravenous CB, aerosolized CB and aerosolized FP, whereas only FP decreased the expression of IL-8. These data suggest that the anti-inflammatory property of CB provide new opportunities in the therapeutic intervention of early inflammation in RAO.

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Abbreviations

AF:

Aspergillus fumigatus

AM:

alveolar macrophage(s)

AR:

adrenoceptor

BAL(F):

broncholaveolar lavage (fluid)

CB:

clenbuterol

DWBC:

differential white blood cell count

FBS:

fetal bovine serum

FP:

fluticasone propionate

GAPDH:

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

IκB:

inhibitor κB

IFN:

inter feron

i.v.:

intravenous

IL:

interleukin

LPS:

lipopolysaccharide

MIP:

macrophage inflamatory protein

NFκB:

nuclear factor κB

PBS:

phosphate-buffered saline

PCR:

polymerase chain reaction

RAO:

recurrent airway obstruction

RPMI:

Roswell Park Memorial Institute (medium)

TLR:

Toll-like receptor(s)

TNF-α:

tumor necrosis factor α

TWBC:

total white blood cell count

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Equine Sciences, Internal Medicine Section, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    T. T. J. M. Laan & R. A. van Nieuwstadt

  2. Department of Veterinary Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology (VFFT), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    S. Bull & J. Fink-Gremmels

  3. Department of Health, Toxicology Unit, Section on Clinical Pharmacology, Imperial College, London, UK

    S. Bull

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  1. T. T. J. M. Laan
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  2. S. Bull
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  3. R. A. van Nieuwstadt
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  4. J. Fink-Gremmels
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Correspondence to T. T. J. M. Laan.

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Laan, T.T.J.M., Bull, S., Nieuwstadt, R.A.v. et al. The Effect of Aerosolized and Intravenously Administered Clenbuterol and Aerosolized Fluticasone Propionate on Horses Challenged with Aspergillus fumigatus Antigen. Vet Res Commun 30, 623–635 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-006-3346-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-006-3346-9

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