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Seed heat tolerance and germination of six legume species native to a fire-prone longleaf pine forest

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Abstract

Recognition of spatial heterogeneity of fire at fine scales is emerging, particularly in ecosystems characterized by frequent, low-intensity fire regimes. Differences in heat flux associated with variation in fuel and moisture conditions create microsites that affect survivorship and establishment of species. We studied the mechanisms by which fire affects seed germination using exposure of seeds to fire surrogates (moist and dry heat). Tolerance (survival) and germination responses of six perennial, herbaceous legume species common to the fire-prone longleaf pine–wiregrass ecosystem of the southeastern USA were examined the following heat treatments. Moist heat was more effective in stimulating germination than dry heat flux for most species examined. We also compared intrinsic seed properties (relative seed coat hardness, percent moisture, and seed mass) among species relative to their heat tolerance and heat-stimulated germination responses. Seed coat hardness was closely associated with the probability of dry and moist heat-stimulated germination. Variation among species in optimal germination conditions and degree of heat tolerance likely reflects selection for specific microsites among a potentially diverse suite of conditions associated with a low-intensity fire regime. Fire-stimulated germination, coupled with characteristics of seed dormancy and longevity in the soil, likely fosters favorable recruitment opportunities in restoration situations aimed at reintroducing a frequently prescribed burn regime to a relict longleaf pine site. In a restoration context in which externally available seed pool inputs are limited, this regenerative mechanism may provide a significant source of recruitment for vegetative recovery in a post-fire landscape.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the staff and students of Auburn University and Ichauway for advice, technical expertise, and data collection assistance, including D. Gjerstad, L. Cox, L. Camfield, J. McGee, and J. Stern, S. Stuber. M. Kaeser and L. Giencke provided helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. We also thank three anonymous reviewers who provided valuable insight and comments on this and an earlier draft manuscript. Auburn University’s Department of Biological Sciences and J.W. Jones Ecological Research Center provided funding and logistical assistance throughout the project.

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The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Mississippi Field Office, Jackson, MS, 39213, USA

    M. Scott Wiggers

  2. Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, FL, 32312, USA

    J. Kevin Hiers

  3. The Nature Conservancy, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA

    Analie Barnett

  4. Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA

    Robert S. Boyd

  5. J.W. Jones Ecological Research Center, Newton, GA, 39870, USA

    L. Katherine Kirkman

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Correspondence to M. Scott Wiggers.

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Communicated by Devan Allen McGranahan.

Appendix

Appendix

See 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9.

Table 4 Set of candidate models (n = 7) used in the corrected AIC (AICc) analysis of the dry heat germination and viability binomial GLMs
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Table 5 Set of candidate models (n = 5) used in the corrected AIC (AICc) analysis of the steam heat germination and viability binomial GLMs
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Table 6 Summary of corrected AIC (AICc) results for dry heat germination models sorted in order of best model (lowest AICc) to worst (highest AICc), with the best model for each species shaded in gray
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Table 7 Summary of corrected AIC (AICc) results for dry heat viability models sorted in order of best model (lowest AICc) to worst (highest AICc), with the best model for each species shaded in gray
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Table 8 Summary of corrected AIC (AICc) results for steam heat germination models sorted in order of best model (lowest AICc) to worst (highest AICc), with the best model for each species shaded in gray
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Table 9 Summary of corrected AIC (AICc) results for steam heat viability models sorted in order of best model (lowest AICc) to worst (highest AICc), with the best model for each species shaded in gray
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Wiggers, M.S., Hiers, J.K., Barnett, A. et al. Seed heat tolerance and germination of six legume species native to a fire-prone longleaf pine forest. Plant Ecol 218, 151–171 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-016-0674-x

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