Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Prediction of prognosis after radical cystectomy for pathologic node-negative bladder cancer

  • Urology – Original Paper
  • Published:
International Urology and Nephrology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objective

To evaluate risk factors related to bladder cancer recurrence in patients with pathologically negative pelvic lymph nodes.

Methods

We reviewed 192 patients who underwent radical cystectomy for muscle invasive bladder cancer between 1999 and 2009. Patients with pathologically positive pelvic lymph nodes and <6-month follow-up were excluded. Clinicopathological parameters including grade, stage, lymphadenectomy type (standard vs. extended), number of nodes removed, margin status, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, presence of carcinoma in situ, ureteral invasion, prostatic urethral invasion, and longest tumor dimension were evaluated. Kaplan–Meier and multivariate Cox analyses were used to evaluate these parameters for 5-year recurrence-free survival (5RFS) and 5-year overall survival (5OS).

Results

One hundred and fifty-five patients were included in this study. Mean follow-up duration was 36.6 months (12–141 months). Nuclear grade according to 2004 WHO classification (P = 0.006, P = 0.001), perineural invasion (P = 0.041, P = 0.048), lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.005, P = 0.027), and number of nodes removed (P < 0.001, P < 0.001) demonstrated differences in 5RFS and 5OS, respectively. In multivariate analysis, 5RFS was related to perineural invasion (P = 0.008; HR: 10.951; 95% CI: 1.891–63.407) and the number of nodes removed (P = 0.038; HR: 1.087; 95% CI: 1.004–1.176), and 5OS was correlated with lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.035; HR: 6.694; 95% CI: 1.143–39.217).

Conclusions

Perineural invasion and the number of nodes removed were independent risk factors for 5RFS, and lymphovascular invasion was for 5OS in patients with node-negative bladder cancer.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E et al (2008) Cancer statistics, 2008. CA Cancer J Clin 58:71–96

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Dalbagni G, Genega E, Hashibe M et al (2001) Cystectomy for bladder cancer: a contemporary series. J Urol 165:1111–1116

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Takahashi A, Tsukamoto T, Tobisu K et al (2004) Radical cystectomy for invasive bladder cancer: results of multi-institutional pooled analysis. Jpn J Clin Oncol 34:14–19

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Bassi P, Ferrante GD, Piazza N et al (1999) Prognostic factors of outcome after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: a retrospective study of a homogeneous patient cohort. J Urol 161:1494–1497

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Cheng L, Weaver AL, Leibovich BC et al (2000) Predicting the survival of bladder carcinoma patients treated with radical cystectomy. Cancer 88:2326–2332

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Horikawa Y, Kumazawa T, Narita S et al (2007) Lymphatic invasion is a prognostic factor for bladder cancer treated with radical cystectomy. Int J Clin Oncol 12:131–136

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Hugen CM, Polcari AJ, Fitzgerald MP et al (2010) Risk factors for recurrence following radical cystectomy for pathologic node negative bladder cancer. J Surg Oncol 15(102):334–337

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Greene FL, Page DL, Fleming ID et al (2002) AJCC cancer staging manual. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  9. Resorlu B, Beduk Y, Baltaci S et al (2009) The prognostic significance of advanced age in patients with bladder cancer treated with radical cystectomy. BJU Int 103:480–483

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Takashi M, Murase T, Mizuno S et al (1987) Multivariate evaluation of prognostic determinants in bladder cancer patients. Urol Int 42:368–374

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Thrasher JB, Frazier HA, Robertson JE et al (1994) Clinical variables which serve as predictors of cancer-specific survival among patients treated with radical cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and prostate. Cancer 73:1708–1715

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Lipponen PK, Eskelinen MJ, Kiviranta J et al (1991) Prognosis of transitional cell bladder cancer: a multivariate prognostic score for improved prediction. J Urol 146:1535–1540

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Skinner EC, Lieskovsky G, Skinner DG (1984) Radical cystectomy in the elderly patient. J Urol 131:1065–1068

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Raitanen MP, Nieminen P, Tammela TL (1995) Impact of tumour grade, stage, number and size, and smoking and sex, on survival in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Br J Urol 76:470–474

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Pollack A, Zagars GK, Dinney CP et al (1994) Preoperative radiotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma. Long term follow-up and prognostic factors for 338 patients. Cancer 74:2819–2827

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Stein JP, Lieskovsky G, Cote R et al (2001) Radical cystectomy in the treatment of invasive bladder cancer: long-term results in 1,054 patients. J Clin Oncol 19:666–675

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Honma I, Masumori N, Sato E et al (2006) Removal of more lymph nodes may provide better outcome, as well as more accurate pathologic findings, in patients with bladder cancer–analysis of role of pelvic lymph node dissection. Urology 68:543–548

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Herr HW (2003) Extent of surgery and pathology evaluation has an impact on bladder cancer outcomes after radical cystectomy. Urology 61:105–108

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Herr HW, Bochner BH, Dalbagni G et al (2002) Impact of the number of lymph nodes retrieved on outcome in patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer. J Urol 167:1295–1298

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Leissner J, Ghoneim MA, Abol-Enein H et al (2004) Extended radical lymphadenectomy in patients with urothelial bladder cancer: results of a prospective multicenter study. J Urol 171:139–144

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Dotan ZA, Kavanagh K, Yossepowitch O et al (2007) Positive surgical margins in soft tissue following radical cystectomy for bladder cancer and cancer specific survival. J Urol 178:2308–2312; discussion 2313

    Google Scholar 

  22. Hong SK, Kwak C, Jeon HG et al (2005) Do vascular, lymphatic, and perineural invasion have prognostic implications for bladder cancer after radical cystectomy? Urology 65:697–702

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Nangia AK, Konety BR, Wachtel S et al (1997) Perineural invasion in transitional cell carcinoma and the effect on prognosis following radical cystectomy. Urology 49:968–972

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Liebig C, Ayala G, Wilks JA et al (2009) Perineural invasion in cancer: a review of the literature. Cancer 115:3379–3391

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Jaeger TM, Weidner N, Chew K et al (1995) Tumor angiogenesis correlates with lymph node metastases in invasive bladder cancer. J Urol 154:69–71

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Heney NM, Proppe K, Prout GR Jr et al (1983) Invasive bladder cancer: tumor configuration, lymphatic invasion and survival. J Urol 130:895–897

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment

This work was supported by clinical research grant from Pusan National University Hospital 2011.

Conflict of interest

No conflicts of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, Wallace Memorial Baptist Hospital, Busan, 609728, Republic of Korea

    Eun Park

  2. Department of Urology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, 305, Gudeok-Ro, Seo-Ku, Busan, 602739, Republic of Korea

    Hong Koo Ha & Moon Kee Chung

  3. Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, 602739, Republic of Korea

    Hong Koo Ha

Authors
  1. Eun Park
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hong Koo Ha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Moon Kee Chung
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hong Koo Ha.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Park, E., Ha, H.K. & Chung, M.K. Prediction of prognosis after radical cystectomy for pathologic node-negative bladder cancer. Int Urol Nephrol 43, 1059–1065 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-011-9920-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-011-9920-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation