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Responses of the ichthyofauna to urbanization in two urban areas in Southeast Brazil

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Abstract

In this study, we evaluated the trophic structure and composition of the ichthyofauna in streams from non-urbanized and urbanized areas in two municipalities with approximately 30,000 inhabitants. We sampled fish fauna in nine pool-run stretches, four located in urban and five in non-urban areas. We adapted a physical habitat index (PHI) that summarized the physical attributes of the habitat, and a fish-based biotic integrity index (IBI) for the trophic structure of fish assemblage. Higher median scores of habitat parameters characterized non-urban stretches owing to better riparian vegetation and shading, bank stability and larger substrates. Diversity, richness and evenness indexes, as well as the abundance and biomass comparison (ABC), did not differ between urban and non-urban areas. The PHI was significantly correlated with the IBI and a non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis showed differences in the composition of the ichthyofauna. These results illustrated a common process in fish assemblages subjected to environmental impact, in which the generalist species replaced more specialist species, altering the species composition but maintaining a similar community structure. In general, the species responses were dependent on their trophic plasticity and foraging habitats. We showed that in a gradient of habitat alteration, species composition and thophic structure are better indicators of degradation than simple diversity indexes. We also discuss the implications of the urbanization in small towns toward changes in the species composition of freshwater fish, and the utilization of biotic and abiotic characteristics to document these changes.

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) for master degree scholarship of first author (FAPESP 2010/13758-0) and research grant (FAPESP 2009/53056-8), the Dr. Francisco Langeani Neto (UNESP-São José do Rio Preto) for species identification and the PPGDBC for the financial support for the manuscript translation. We are grateful for Bruna B. Cruz, Fernanda A. Teshima, Bruno Mello and Rodrigo S. Almeida for help in field sampling and for two anonimous reviewers by suggestions in previous versions of the manuscript.

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  1. Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar/CCTS/PPGDBC), Sorocaba, SP, Brazil

    Alexandre Peressin

  2. Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar/CCTS/DCA), Sorocaba, SP, Brazil

    Mauricio Cetra

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  1. Alexandre Peressin
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Correspondence to Mauricio Cetra.

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Peressin, A., Cetra, M. Responses of the ichthyofauna to urbanization in two urban areas in Southeast Brazil. Urban Ecosyst 17, 675–690 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-014-0352-5

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