Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Nutrient utilization, performance, and milk fatty acid composition of grazing cows fed supplements with babassu coconut

  • Regular Articles
  • Published:
Tropical Animal Health and Production Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of dietary inclusion of cracked babassu coconut (CBC) in the supplement on nutrient utilization, performance, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of dairy cows grazing Megathyrsus maximus cv. Mombasa. Five multiparous Holstein × Zebu mid-lactation cows (125 ± 16.5 days in milk) were assigned to five dietary treatments (replacement of 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% of ground corn with CBC, on a dry matter (DM) basis) in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. The intake of DM from the supplement, crude protein (CP), non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC), fat (ether extract (EE)), and total digestible nutrients (TDNs) decreased linearly (P < 0.05), while the intake of DM from forage increased linearly (P < 0.05), with the increase in CBC inclusion in the supplement. Conversely, total DM intake was unaffected (P > 0.05). The DM, NFC, EE, and TDN digestibility decreased linearly (P < 0.05), while organic matter (OM) digestibility decreased in a quadratic fashion (P < 0.05), as CBC inclusion in the supplement increased. Nevertheless, digestibility of CP was unaffected (P > 0.05). Milk yield and composition (lactose, fat, protein, casein, and majority of FA) showed a linearly decreasing pattern (P < 0.05) with the increasing of CBC inclusion. However, proportions of trans-vaccenic acid, rumenic acid, total monounsaturated FA, and odd- and branched-chain FAs increased linearly (P < 0.05). On the opposite, total saturated FA (SFA) and the n-6:n-3 FA ratio in milk fat decreased linearly (P < 0.01). Hence, replacement of corn meal with CBC up to 80% in the supplement decreases nutrient intake and digestibility, as well as milk yield response in grazing dairy cows. However, CBC inclusion may enhance the nutritional properties of milk fat.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The data of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.

Code availability

Not applicable.

References

  • Abdalla Filho, A.L., Corrêa, P.S., Lemos, L.N., Dineshkumar, D., Issakowicz, J., Ieda, E.H., Lima, P.M.T., Barreal, M., McManus, C., Mui, T.S., Abdalla, A.L. and Louvandini, H., 2017. Diets based on plants from Brazilian Caatinga altering ruminal parameters, microbial community and meat fatty acids of Santa Inês lambs. Small Ruminant Research, 154, 70–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.07.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Almeida, R.R., Lacerda, L.G., Murakami, F.S., Bannach, G., Demiate, I.M., Soccol, C.R., Filho, M.A.S.C. and Schnitzler, E., 2011. Thermal analysis as a screening technique for the characterization of babassu flour and its solid fractions after acid and enzymatic hydrolysis. Thermochimica Acta, 519, 50–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2011.02.029

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alves, E.M., Pedreira, M.S., Aguiar, L.V., Coelho, C.P., Oliveira, C.A.S. and Silva, A.M.P., 2012. Silagem de sorgo com e sem tanino em substituição à silagem de milho na alimentação de ovinos: Desempenho e características de carcaça. Ciência Animal Brasileira, 13, 157–164. https://doi.org/10.5216/cab.v13i2.8261

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • AOAC, 2012. Official Method of Analysis Association of Analytical Chemists, 19th Edition, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Araújo, R.A., Silva, L.F., Nascimento Junior, O.A., Damasceno, P.J.S., Costa, P.M. and Silva, Z.F., 2019. Performance of lactating cows fed with cake of babassu: ingestive behavior, intake, digestibility, production and quality of milk. Biological Rhythm Research, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/09291016.2019.1611334

  • Augusto, W.F., Ribeiro, G.M., Restle, J., Missio, R.L., Neiva, J.N.M., Miotto, F.R.C. and Rocha, H.P.S.L., 2017. Proportions of sugarcane and babassu mesocarp bran in diets for feedlot cattle. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 46, 657–663. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-92902017000800005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baldin, M., Gama, M.A.S., Dresch, R., Harvatine, K.J. and Oliveira, D.E., 2013. A rumen unprotected conjugated linoleic acid supplement inhibits milk fat synthesis and improves energy balance in lactating goats. Journal of Animal Science, 91, 3305–3314. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2012-5766

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baruque Filho, E.A., Baruque, M.D.G.A. and Sant’Anna, G.L., 2000. Babassu coconut starch liquefaction: An industrial scale approach to improve conversion yield. Bioresource Technology, 75, 49–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(00)00026-2

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bernard, L., Bonnet, M., Delavaud, C., Delosière, M., Ferlay, A., Fougère, H. and Graulet, B., 2018. Milk Fat Globule in Ruminant: Major and Minor Compounds, Nutritional Regulation and Differences Among Species. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 120, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.201700039

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boerman, J.P., Firkins, J.L., St-Pierre, N.R. and Lock, A.L., 2015. Intestinal digestibility of long-chain fatty acids in lactating dairy cows: A meta-analysis and meta-regression. Journal of Dairy Science, 98, 8889–8903. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-9592

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cabiddu, A., Salis, L., Tweed, J.K.S., Molle, G., Decandia, M. and Lee, M.R.F., 2010. The influence of plant polyphenols on lipolysis and biohydrogenation in dried forages at different phenological stages: In vitro study. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 90, 829–835. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.3892

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Conte, G., Serra, A. and Mele, M., 2017. Dairy cow breeding and feeding on the milk fatty acid pattern In: Nutrients in Dairy and Their Implications for Health and Disease, Elsevier, 19–41.

  • Cruz-Hernandez, C., Kramer, J.K.G., Kennelly, J.J., Glimm, D.R., Sorensen, B.M., Okine, E.K., Goonewardene, L.A. and Weselake, R.J., 2007. Evaluating the conjugated linoleic acid and trans 18:1 isomers in milk fat of dairy cows fed increasing amounts of sunflower oil and a constant level of fish oil. Journal of Dairy Science, 90, 3786–3801. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2006-698

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Detmann, E., Paulino, M.F., Zervoudakis, J.T., Valadares Filho, S.C., Euclydes, R.F., Lana, R.P. and Queiroz, D.S., 2001. Cromo e indicadores internos na determinação do consumo de novilhos mestiços, suplementados, a pasto. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 30, 1600–1609. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982001000600030

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Detmann, E., Souza, M.A., Valadares Filho, S.C., Queiroz, A.C., Berchielli, T.T., Saliba, E.O.S., Cabral, L.S., Pina, D.S., Ladeira, M.M. and Azevedo, J.A.G., 2012. Métodos para análise de alimentos - INCT - Ciência Animal, 1st ed., Suprema: Visconde do Rio Branco.

  • Detmann, E. and Valadares Filho, S.C., 2010. On the estimation of non-fibrous carbohydrates in feeds and diets. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 62, 980–984. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-09352010000400030

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dewhurst, R.J., Shingfield, K.J., Lee, M.R.F. and Scollan, N.D., 2006. Increasing the concentrations of beneficial polyunsaturated fatty acids in milk produced by dairy cows in high-forage systems. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 131, 168–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.04.016

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dohme, F., Machmüller, A., Sutter, F. and Kreuzer, M., 2004. Digestive and metabolic utilization of lauric, myristic and stearic acid in cows, and associated effects on milk fat quality. Archives of Animal Nutrition, 58, 99–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/00039420410001667485

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elgersma, A., 2015. Grazing increases the unsaturated fatty acid concentration of milk from grass-fed cows: A review of the contributing factors, challenges and future perspectives. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 117, 1345–1369. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.201400469

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farias, G.B., Rodrigues, J.L.S., Nascimento, C.S., Gomes, R.F., Sousa, M.N.R., Varejão, M.J.C. and Lima, M.P., 2019. Avaliação de tanino, antocianina e amido em mesocarpo de babaçu (Orbignya phalerata Mart). Scientia Amazonia, 8, 1–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fayed, A.M., El-Ashry, M.A. and Aziz, H.A., 2009. Effect of Feeding Olive Tree Pruning By-products on Sheep Performance in Sinai. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 5, 436–445.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferrari, R.A. and Soler, M.P., 2015. Obtention and characterization of coconut babassu derivatives. Scientia Agricola, 72, 291–296. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-9016-2014-0278

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fievez, V., Colman, E., Stefanov, I. and Vlaeminck, B., 2012. Milk odd- and branched-chain fatty acids as biomarkers of rumen function — An update. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 172, 51–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.12.008

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fuentes, N.R., Mlih, M., Barhoumi, R., Fan, Y.Y., Hardin, P., Steele, T.J., Behmer, S., Prior, I.A., Karpac, J. and Chapkin, R.S., 2018. Long-chain n-3 fatty acids attenuate oncogenic kras-driven proliferation by altering plasma membrane nanoscale proteolipid composition. Cancer Research, 78, 3899–3912. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0324

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Galvão, L.T.O., Reis, G.C., Silva, C.C., Pinto, A.S., Santos, D.M., Lima, E.M., Gomes, D.I., Oliveira, L.R.S., Alves, K.S., Santos, P.M. and Mezzomo, R., 2020. Performance of lactating buffaloes in pasture supplemented with palm-kernel cake. Animal Production Science, 61, 47–54. https://doi.org/10.1071/AN18708

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gomes, D.I., Véras, R.M.L., Alves, K.S., Detmann, E., Oliveira, L.R.S., Mezzomo, R., Santos, R.B. and Barcelos, S.S., 2012. Performance and digestibility of growing sheep fed with açai seed meal-based diets. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 44, 1751–1757. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-012-0133-1

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Halmemies-Beauchet-Filleau, A., Kokkonen, T., Lampi, A.M., Toivonen, V., Shingfield, K.J. and Vanhatalo, A., 2011. Effect of plant oils and camelina expeller on milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows fed diets based on red clover silage. Journal of Dairy Science, 94, 4413–4430. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-3885

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hristov, A.N., Lee, C., Cassidy, T., Long, M., Heyler, K., Corl, B. and Forster, R., 2011. Effects of lauric and myristic acids on ruminal fermentation, production, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 94, 382–395. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-3508

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hristov, A.N., Pol, M. Vander, Agle, M., Zaman, S., Schneider, C., Ndegwa, P., Vaddella, V.K., Johnson, K., Shingfield, K.J. and Karnati, S.K.R., 2009. Effect of lauric acid and coconut oil on ruminal fermentation, digestion, ammonia losses from manure, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows, Journal of Dairy Science, 92, 5561–5582. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2009-2383

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hu, J., Lin, S., Zheng, B. and Cheung, P.C.K., 2017. Short-chain fatty acids in control of energy metabolism. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 58, 1243–1249. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2016.1245650

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • ISO 9622/IDF 141, 2013. Milk and liquid milk products — Guidelines for the application of mid-infrared spectrometry, 2nd ed., International Dairy Federation

  • Jaakamo, M.J., Luukkonen, T.J., Kairenius, P.K., Bayat, A.R., Ahvenjärvi, S.A., Tupasela, T.M., Vilkki, J.H., Shingfield, K.J. and Leskinen, H.M., 2019. The effect of dietary forage to concentrate ratio and forage type on milk fatty acid composition and milk fat globule size of lactating cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 102, 8825–8838. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-15833

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, A.D., 1978. Sample preparation and chemical analysis of vegetation In: Measurement of grassland vegetation and animal production., Aberystwyth: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux.

  • Khiaosa-ard, R., Bryner, S.F., Scheeder, M.R.L., Wettstein, H.R., Leiber, F., Kreuzer, M. and Soliva, C.R., 2009. Evidence for the inhibition of the terminal step of ruminal α-linolenic acid biohydrogenation by condensed tannins. Journal of Dairy Science, 92, 177–188. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2008-1117

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Khiaosa-ard, R., Kreuzer, M. and Leiber, F., 2015. Apparent recovery of C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids from feed in cow milk: A meta-analysis of the importance of dietary fatty acids and feeding regimens in diets without fat supplementation. Journal of Dairy Science, 98, 6399–6414. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-9459

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kutner, M. H., Nachtsheim, C., Neter, J., and Li, W., 2005. Applied linear statistical models. 5th edition, McGraw-Hill.

  • Lourenço, M., Van Ranst, G., Vlaeminck, B., De Smet, S. and Fievez, V., 2008. Influence of different dietary forages on the fatty acid composition of rumen digesta as well as ruminant meat and milk. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 145, 418–437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.05.043

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luz, J.B., Alves, K.S., Mezzomo, R., Neta, E.R.S., Gomes, D.Í., Oliveira, L.R.S., Silva, J.C. and Carvalho, F.F.R., 2017. Carcass characteristics and meat quality of lambs fed babassu cake (Orbignya speciosa) as a replacement for elephant grass silage. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 49, 113–119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-016-1167-6

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McMeniman, N.P., 1997. Methods of estimating intake of grazing animals In: Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia, Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia: Juiz de Fora.

  • Motta, E.F., Lima, L.L., Barbosa-Filho, H.G., Salles, M.F.O. and Gama, M.A.S., 2014. Desenvolvimento de método analítico rápido para quantificação dos ácidos graxos das forragens por cromatografia gasosa In: XIX Encontro Nacional sobre Metodologias e Gestão de Laboratórios da Embrapa, Fortaleza.

  • Mourthé, M.H.F., Lopes, F.C.F., Reis, R.B., Gama, M.A.S., Morenz, M.J.F. and Salomão, B.M., 2019. Ruminal metabolic parameters and milk fatty acid profile of cows grazing Marandu grass supplemented with roasted soybeans. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 40, 745–766. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n2p745

  • NRC, 2001. Nutrient requeriments of dairy cattle, 7th ed. and M. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering (ed), The National Academies Press: Washington, DC.

  • Palmquist, D.L. and Jenkins, T.C., 2003. Challenges with fats and fatty acid methods. Journal of Animal Science, 81, 3250–3254. https://doi.org/10.2527/2003.81123250x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Patra, A. K., and Saxena, J., 2011. Exploitation of dietary tannins to improve rumen metabolism and ruminant nutrition. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 91(1), 24-37. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4152

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Poorkasegaran, S. and Yansari, A.T., 2014. Effects of different sources of carbohydrates on intake, digestibility, chewing, and performance of Holstein dairy cows. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 5, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/2049-1891-5-6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prado, L.A., Schmidely, P., Nozière, P. and Ferlay, A., 2019. Milk saturated fatty acids, odd- and branched-chain fatty acids, and isomers of C18:1, C18:2, and C18:3n-3 according to their duodenal flows in dairy cows: A meta-analysis approach. Journal of Dairy Science, 102, 3053–3070. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-15194

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rêgo, J.L. and Andrade, M.P., 2006. História de Mulheres: Breve comentário sobre o território e a identidade das Quebradeiras de Coco Babaçu no Maranhão Agrária, 47–57.

  • Sampaio, C.B., Detmann, E., Neves, T. and Valente, P., 2011. Fecal excretion patterns and short term bias of internal and external markers in a digestion assay with cattle. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 40, 657–665. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982011000300026

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Santos, D.S., Silva, I.G., Araújo, B.Q., Lopes Júnior, C.A., Monção, N.B.N., Citó, A.M.G.L., Souza, M.H.S.L., Nascimento, M.D.S.B. and Costa, M.C.P., 2013. Extraction and evaluation of fatty acid composition of Orbignya phalerata Martius Oils (Arecaceae) from Maranhão State. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 24, 355–362. https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-5053.20130045

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Santos, G.B., Brandão, F.Z., Ribeiro, L.S., Ferreira, A.L., Campos, M.M., Machado, F.S. and Carvalho, B.C., 2019. Milk production and composition, food consumption, and energy balance of postpartum crossbred Holstein-Gir dairy cows fed two diets of different energy levels. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 51, 65–71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-018-1660-1

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Santos Neta, E.R., Alves, K.S., Mezzomo, R., Gomes, D.Í., Oliveira, L.R.S., Carvalho, F.F.R., Luz, J.B., Lacerda, N.G. and Bourdon, V.D.S., 2016. Behavior of sheep fed babassu cake (Orbygnia speciosa) as a substitution for elephant grass silage. Animal Science Journal, 88, 1171–1177. https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.12744

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Santos Neta, E.R., Oliveira, L.R.S., Mezzomo, R., Gomes, D.I., Luz, J.B., Maciel, D.L., Santana, K.R.S. and Alves, K.S., 2019. Chemical composition and rumen degradability of byproducts available in the Amazon region. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 40, 3605–3616. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n6Supl3p3605

  • Schulz, F., Westreicher-Kristen, E., Knappstein, K., Molkentin, J. and Susenbeth, A., 2017. Replacing maize silage plus soybean meal with red clover silage plus wheat in diets for lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 101, 1216–1226. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-13605

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shingfield, K.J., Chilliard, Y., Toivonen, V., Kairenius, P. and Givens, D.I., 2008. Trans fatty acids and bioactive lipids in ruminant milk. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 606, 3–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-74087-4_1

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Steele, W. and Moore, J.H., 1968. The effects of mono-unsaturated and saturated fatty acids in the diet on milk-fat secretion in the cow. Journal of Dairy Research, 35, 353–360. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029900019087

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sukhija, P.S. and Palmquist, D.L., 1988. Challenges with fats and fatty acid methods. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 36, 1202–1206. https://doi.org/10.2527/2003.81123250x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Valente, T.N.P., Detmann, E., Valadares Filho, S.C., Queiroz, A.C., Sampaio, C.B. and Gomes, D.I., 2011. Evaluation of neutral detergent fiber contents in forages, concentrates and cattle feces ground at different particle sizes and using bags made from different textiles. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 40, 1148–1154. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982011000500029

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Soest, P.J., 1994. Nutritional ecology of the ruminant, 2nd ed, Cornell University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Vasta, V., Daghio, M., Cappucci, A., Buccioni, A., Serra, A., Viti, C. and Mele, M., 2019. Invited review: Plant polyphenols and rumen microbiota responsible for fatty acid biohydrogenation, fiber digestion, and methane emission: Experimental evidence and methodological approaches. Journal of Dairy Science, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-14985

  • Vlaeminck, B., Fievez, V., Cabrita, A.R.J., Fonseca, A.J.M. and Dewhurst, R.J., 2006. Factors affecting odd- and branched-chain fatty acids in milk: A review. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 131, 389–417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.06.017

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolff, R.L., Bayard, C.C. and Fabien, R.J., 1995. Evaluation of sequential methods for the determination of butterfat fatty acid composition with emphasis on trans-18:1 acids. Application to the study of seasonal variations in French butters. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 72, 1471–1483. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02577840

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors thank the members (professors, students, and technicians) of the Research Group on the Production of Ruminant Animals from Carajás (GEPARC) for the support during data collection and chemical analysis.

Funding

This study was supported by the Programa Nacional de Cooperação Acadêmica na Amazônia (PROCAD/Amazônia) of the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, Brasília, D.F, Brazil) and the Fundação Amazônia de Amparo a Estudos e Pesquisa (FAPESPA, Belém, PA, Brazil).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), PA 275, S/N, Zona Rural, 66515-000, Belém, Brazil

    Ícaro Rainyer Rodrigues de Castro, Dayana Lima Maciel, Julián Andrés Castillo Vargas, Daiany Iris Gomes, Raylon Pereira Maciel, Rafael Mezzomo, Luis Rennan Sampaio Oliveira, Luckas Thiago Oliveira Galvão, Kariane da Silva Pereira & Kaliandra Souza Alves

  2. Embrapa Gado de Leite, Av. Eugênio do Nascimento, 610 - Aeroporto Dom Bosco, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36038-330, Brazil

    Marco Antônio Sundfeld da Gama

Authors
  1. Ícaro Rainyer Rodrigues de Castro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Dayana Lima Maciel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Julián Andrés Castillo Vargas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Daiany Iris Gomes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Raylon Pereira Maciel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Rafael Mezzomo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Marco Antônio Sundfeld da Gama
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Luis Rennan Sampaio Oliveira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Luckas Thiago Oliveira Galvão
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Kariane da Silva Pereira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Kaliandra Souza Alves
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Ícaro Rainyer Rodrigues de Castro: data collection, writing and preparation of the original draft, and writing involving reviewing and editing. Dayana Lima Maciel: data collection, writing and preparation of the original draft, reviewing, and editing. Julián Andrés Castillo Vargas: writing and preparation of the original draft and writing involving reviewing and editing. Daiany Iris Gomes: data collection, writing and preparation of the original draft, reviewing, and editing. Raylon Pereira Maciel: data collection, writing and preparation of the original draft, reviewing, and editing. Rafael Mezzomo: visualization, writing and preparation of the original draft, and writing involving reviewing and editing. Marco Antônio Sundfeld da Gama: data collection and writing involving reviewing and editing. Luís Rennan Sampaio Oliveira: data collection and investigation. Luckas Thiago Oliveira Galvão: data collection and investigation. Kariane da Silva Pereira: data collection and Investigation. Kaliandra Souza Alves: conceptualization of the manuscript, project administration, funding acquisition, supervision, and writing and preparation of the original draft.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Julián Andrés Castillo Vargas.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate

All procedures performed with animals were approved by the Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals (CEUA) of the Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA; protocol number: CEUA 009/2018). Consent to participate is not applicable.

Consent for publication

All authors consented for publication of the manuscript.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

de Castro, Í.R.R., Maciel, D.L., Vargas, J.A.C. et al. Nutrient utilization, performance, and milk fatty acid composition of grazing cows fed supplements with babassu coconut. Trop Anim Health Prod 53, 433 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-021-02869-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-021-02869-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation