Abstract
There is a variety of professions working with village chickens in developing countries, including farmers, veterinarians and chicken traders. People from all these occupations were involved in a participatory rural appraisal to investigate husbandry practices and trade of village chickens in Myanmar. Data were collected in two climatically different regions of the country, in the Yangon and in the Mandalay divisions. The breeding and training of fighting cocks was practised only in the Mandalay division, with well-trained birds sold for very high prices. Apart from this, chickens were raised in both regions mainly for small disposable income and were generally sold when money was needed, in particular during religious festivals. Chicken traders on bicycles, often called ‘middle men’, usually purchase birds from farmers in about 10 villages per day. Several ‘middle men’ supply birds to wealthier chicken merchants, who sell these birds at larger chicken markets. There is in general limited knowledge among farmers about the prevention of Newcastle disease via vaccination. Commercial indigenous chicken production is practised in Myanmar, but family poultry farming dominates indigenous chicken production in the country.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- ND:
-
Newcastle disease
- PRA:
-
Participatory Rural Appraisal
- RRA:
-
Rapid Rural Appraisal
References
Aini, I., 1990. Indigenous chicken production in South-East Asia. World's Poultry Science Journal, 46, 51–57
Anyaegbunam, C., Mefalopulos, P., Moetsabi, T., Anyaegbunam, C., Mefalopulos, P. and Moetsabi, T., 2004. Participatory Rural Communication Appraisal, Starting With The People: A Handbook, (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome)
Chambers, R., 1994. Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA)—analysis of experience. World Development, 22, 1253–1268
Gondwe, T.N., Wollny, C.B.A. and Kaumbata, W., 2005. Marketing system and channels for scavenging local chickens in Lilongwe, Malawi. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 17(3) (Retrieved 10 July 2006 from http:// www.cipav.org.co/lrrd/lrrd17/3/gond17024.htm)
Gueye, E.H.F., 1998. Village egg and fowl meat production in Africa. World's Poultry Science Journal, 54, 73–86
Gunaratne, S.P., Chandrasiri, A.D.N., Mangalika Hemalatha, W.A.P. and Roberts, J.A., 1992. The productivity and nutrition of village chickens in Sri Lanka. In: P.B. Spradbrow (ed.), Newcastle Disease in Village Chickens. Control With Thermostable Oral Vaccines, Proceedings of an International Workshop held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 6–10 October 1991, (ACAIR, Canberra Australia), 144–148
Henning, J., Pym, B., Hla, T., Kyaw, N. and Meers, J., 2007. Village chicken production in Myanmar—purpose, magnitude and major constraints. World's Poultry Science Journal, 63, in press
Holmes, T., 2001. A participatory approach in practice: understanding fieldworkers' use of participatory rural appraisal in ActionAid the Gambia, (Institute of Development Studies, Brighton, UK)
Kondombo, S.R., Nianogo, A.J., Kwakkel, R.P., Udo, H.M.Y. and Slingerland, M., 2003. Comparative analysis of village chicken production in two farming systems in Burkina Faso. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 35, 563–574
LBVD, 2003. Annual Livestock Census Report 2003, (Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, Directorate of Livestock and Fisheries, Union of Myanmar)
Mcainsh, C.V., Kusina, J., Madsen, J. and Nyoni, O., 2004. Traditional chicken production in Zimbabwe. World's Poultry Science Journal, 60, 233–246
Ministry of Information, 2002. Myanmar Facts and Figures 2002, (Ministry of Information, Union of Myanmar)
Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, 2003. Statistical Databook 2003, (Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, Directorate of Livestock and Fisheries, Union of Myanmar)
Mlozi, M.R.S., Kakengi, A.V.M., Minga, U.M., Mtambo, A.M. and Olsen, J.E., 2003. Marketing of free range local chickens in Morogoro and Kilosa urban markets, Tanzania. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 15(2) (Retrieved 10 July 2006 from http://www.cipav.org.co/lrrd/ lrrd15/2/mloz152.htm)
Musiime, J.T., 1992. Poultry disease in Africa and the Newcastle Disease problem: an overview. In: P.B. Spradbrow (ed.), Newcastle Disease in Village Chickens. Control With Thermostable Oral Vaccines, Proceedings of an International Workshop held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 6–10 October 1991, (ACIAR, Canberra Australia), 174–175
Oh, B.T., 1987. Malaysia: economic importance. In: J.W. Copland (ed.), Newcastle Disease in Poultry. A New Food Pellet Vaccine, (ACIAR, Canberra Australia), 83–85
Richards, P., 1995. Participatory rural appraisal: a quick-and-dirty critique. PLA Notes CD-ROM 1988–2001, (IIED, London), 13–16
Riley, J. and Fielding, W.J., 2001. An illustrated review of some farmer participatory research techniques. Journal of Agricultural, Biological and Environmental Statistics, 6(3), 407
Sonaiya, E.B. and Swan, S.E.J., 2004. Small-Scale Poultry Production—Technical Guide, FAO Animal Production and Health Manual, (Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy)
Tadelle, D. and Ogle, B., 2001. Village poultry production systems in the central highlands of Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 33, 521–537
Tadelle, D., Million, T., Alemu, Y. and Peters, K.J., 2003. Village chicken production systems in Ethiopia: 1. Flock characteristics and performance. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 15(1), 1–10 (Retrieved 10 July 2006 from http://www.cipav.org.co/lrrd/lrrd15/1/tadea151.htm)
Tran Thi Mai Phuong and Hoang Van Tieu, 2004. Village chicken production system in Vietnam, What does the future hold. Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics, Supplement 80, 269–274
World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987. Our Common Future, (Oxford University Press, Oxford)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Henning, J., Khin, A., Hla, T. et al. Husbandry and trade of indigenous chickens in Myanmar—Results of a participatory rural appraisal in the Yangon and the Mandalay divisions. Trop Anim Health Prod 38, 611–618 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-006-4425-1
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-006-4425-1