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The Tribological Properties of Ionic Liquids Composed of Trifluorotris(pentafluoroethyl) Phosphate as a Hydrophobic Anion

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Abstract

The tribological properties of trifluorotris(pentafluoroethyl) phosphate [(C2F5)3PF −3 , FAP]-derived ionic liquids were evaluated under boundary conditions. The anion is hydrophobic in comparison with bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [(CF3SO2)2N−, TFSI]. 1,3-Dialkylimidazolium salts of FAP provided much lower friction than 1,3-dialkylimidazolium salts of TFSI. In addition, the FAP salts exhibit better anti-wear properties than the TFSI salts. Another advantage of the FAP anion is availability of several cations to prepare ionic liquids. For example, tetraalkylphosphonium, N,N-dialkylpyrrolidium, and tetramethylisouronium salts of FAP provided friction coefficient of approximately 0.1. Straight-chain carboxylic acids as model friction-reducing additives improved the tribological properties of the FAP salts. Surface analyses were conducted to study the boundary film formed by rubbing. It was found that the boundary film is composed of adsorbed anion on uppermost surfaces and reacted anion on sub-surfaces. The model friction-reducing additives were found on the rubbed surfaces.

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Abbreviations

BF4:

Tetrafluoroborate

FAP:

Trifluorotris(pentafluoroethyl) phosphate

PF6:

Hexafluorophosphate

TFSI:

bis(Trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide

d-C12A:

Perdeuteriododecanoic acid, C11D23COOH

mM:

Unit of concentration (mmol kg−1)

JIS:

Japanese Industrial Standards

m/z:

Mass-to-charge ratio

SUJ2:

Bearing steel assigned by JIS

TOF-SIMS:

Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy

XPS:

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the grants-in-aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas, “Science of Ionic Liquids” no. 18045003 from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of the Japanese Government. The authors are grateful to Merck KGaA (Germany) for supporting the ionic liquids.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan

    Ichiro Minami, Mamoru Kita, Tomoo Kubo, Hidetaka Nanao & Shigeyuki Mori

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  1. Ichiro Minami
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  2. Mamoru Kita
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  3. Tomoo Kubo
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  4. Hidetaka Nanao
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  5. Shigeyuki Mori
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Correspondence to Ichiro Minami.

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Minami, I., Kita, M., Kubo, T. et al. The Tribological Properties of Ionic Liquids Composed of Trifluorotris(pentafluoroethyl) Phosphate as a Hydrophobic Anion. Tribol Lett 30, 215–223 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-008-9329-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-008-9329-y

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