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RETRACTED ARTICLE: The AtCCX1 transporter mediates salinity tolerance in both Arabidopsis and yeast

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This article was retracted on 21 June 2012

Abstract

Maintaining high cytosolic K+/Na+ ratio and detoxicity of Na+ is important for plant cell metabolism and resistance to salt stress. Cation calcium exchangers, CCXs, are a novel family of genes that have recently been separated from the family of cation exchangers, CAXs, and these are likely to be correlated with Na+ transport. In this study, an Arabidopsis CCX putative gene, AtCCX1, has been cloned, and second structure model is constructed. Moreover, expression patterns in various tissues of Arabidopsis have been investigated along with heterologous expression of AtCCX1 in yeast. The gene AtCCX1 contains 1713 nucleotides, with a short N-terminal hydrophilic domain that does not support an N-terminal autoinhibitory domain. Expression of AtCCX1 in Arabidopsis is higher under salt stress and drought stress when compared to wild-type, but when plants are exposed to either cold stress or abscisic acid treatment, no differences in expression levels are observed. Yeast lines expressing AtCCX1 are more tolerant to low pH medium and have displayed higher level of tolerance to sodium salt stress compared to wild-type lines. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy analysis has revealed that following overexpression of AtCCX1 in yeast, accumulation of Na+ is increased, while accumulation of K+ and Cu2+ is decreased. These findings support the fact that AtCCX1 is critical for Na+ tolerance and may serve as a Na+/K+ exchanger, similar to AtCCX3.

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Abbreviations

CCXs:

Cation calcium exchangers

CaCA:

Ca2+/cation antiporter superfamily proteins

NCX:

Na+/Ca2+ antiporters

NCKX:

K+-dependent Na+/Ca2+ antiporters

CAXs:

Cation exchangers

YPD:

Yeast peptone dextrose medium

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Acknowledgments

We thank two anonymous reviewer’s comments and two editor’s advices, especially Schuyler S. Korban’s cirtical reading and very useful revision advices. We thank Toshiro Shigaki for providing Yeast strains K667. We thank National Natural Scientific Foundation of China (Grant 30600384 and 50809068) and Young Outstanding Scholar Foundation of Northwest A&F University for providing the study funds.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China

    Zhiyuan Chen & Yongjun Wu

  2. College of Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China

    Zhiyuan Chen, Lijun Di & Guodong Wang

  3. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China

    Yufang Shen

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  1. Zhiyuan Chen
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  2. Yongjun Wu
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Correspondence to Yongjun Wu.

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The authors wish to retract this publication due to duplication of partial data from a formerly published article.

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Chen, Z., Wu, Y., Di, L. et al. RETRACTED ARTICLE: The AtCCX1 transporter mediates salinity tolerance in both Arabidopsis and yeast. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 109, 91–99 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-011-0077-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-011-0077-6

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