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Large Ocean Worlds with High-Pressure Ices

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Abstract

Pressures in the hydrospheres of large ocean worlds extend to ranges exceeding those in Earth deepest oceans. In this regime, dense water ices and other high-pressure phases become thermodynamically stable and can influence planetary processes at a global scale. The presence of high-pressure ices sets large icy worlds apart from other smaller water-rich worlds and complicates their study. Here we provide an overview of the unique physical states, thermodynamics, dynamic regimes, and evolution scenarios specific to large ocean worlds where high-pressure ice polymorphs form. We start by (i) describing the current state of knowledge for the interior states of large icy worlds in our solar system (i.e. Ganymede, Titan and Callisto). Then we (ii) discuss the thermodynamic and physical specifics of the relevant high–pressure materials, including ices, aqueous fluids and hydrates. While doing this we (iii) describe the current state of the art in modeling and understanding the dynamic regimes of high-pressure ice mantles. Based on these considerations we (iv) explore the different evolution scenarios for large icy worlds in our solar system. We (v) conclude by discussing the implications of what we know on chemical transport from the silicate core, extrapolation to exoplanetary candidate ocean worlds, limitations to habitability, differentiation diversity, and perspectives for future space exploration missions and experimental measurements.

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Acknowledgements

B.J. was supported by the NASA Postdoctoral Program fellowship, other University of Washington authors were supported by the NASA Solar System Workings Grant 80NSSC17K0775 and by the Icy Worlds node of NASA’s Astrobiology Institute (08-NAI5-0021).

K.K. was supported by the Czech Science Foundation through project No. 19-10809S and by Charles University Research program No. UNCE/SCI/023.

Work by JPL co-authors was partially supported by strategic research and technology funds from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Caltech, and by the Icy Worlds and Titan nodes of NASA’s Astrobiology Institute (13-13NAI7_2-0024 and 17-NAI8-2-017).

K.M.S. was supported by NASA Grant NNX14AR28G.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA

    Baptiste Journaux, Olivier Bollengier & J. Michael Brown

  2. Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Geophysics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic

    Klára Kalousová

  3. Jet Propulsion Laboratory-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA

    Christophe Sotin & Steve Vance

  4. Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique, UMR-CNRS 6112, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France

    Gabriel Tobie

  5. Institute of Geophysics & Meteorology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

    Joachim Saur

  6. Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany

    Lena Noack

  7. TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Tina Rückriemen-Bez

  8. DLR Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, Germany

    Tina Rückriemen-Bez

  9. Royal Observatory of Belgium, Brussels, Belgium

    Tim Van Hoolst

  10. Institute of Astronomy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

    Tim Van Hoolst

  11. Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA

    Krista M. Soderlund

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Ocean Worlds

Edited by Athena Coustenis, Tilman Spohn, Rafael Rodrigo, Kevin P. Hand, Alexander Hayes, Karen Olsson-Francis, Frank Postberg, Christophe Sotin, Gabriel Tobie, Francois Raulin and Nicolas Walter

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Journaux, B., Kalousová, K., Sotin, C. et al. Large Ocean Worlds with High-Pressure Ices. Space Sci Rev 216, 7 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-019-0633-7

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