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Crustal Magnetic Fields of Terrestrial Planets

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Abstract

Magnetic field measurements are very valuable, as they provide constraints on the interior of the telluric planets and Moon. The Earth possesses a planetary scale magnetic field, generated in the conductive and convective outer core. This global magnetic field is superimposed on the magnetic field generated by the rocks of the crust, of induced (i.e. aligned on the current main field) or remanent (i.e. aligned on the past magnetic field). The crustal magnetic field on the Earth is very small scale, reflecting the processes (internal or external) that shaped the Earth. At spacecraft altitude, it reaches an amplitude of about 20 nT. Mars, on the contrary, lacks today a magnetic field of core origin. Instead, there is only a remanent magnetic field, which is one to two orders of magnitude larger than the terrestrial one at spacecraft altitude. The heterogeneous distribution of the Martian magnetic anomalies reflects the processes that built the Martian crust, dominated by igneous and cratering processes. These latter processes seem to be the driving ones in building the lunar magnetic field. As Mars, the Moon has no core-generated magnetic field. Crustal magnetic features are very weak, reaching only 30 nT at 30-km altitude. Their distribution is heterogeneous too, but the most intense anomalies are located at the antipodes of the largest impact basins. The picture is completed with Mercury, which seems to possess an Earth-like, global magnetic field, which however is weaker than expected. Magnetic exploration of Mercury is underway, and will possibly allow the Hermean crustal field to be characterized. This paper presents recent advances in our understanding and interpretation of the crustal magnetic field of the telluric planets and Moon.

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  1. Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique, CNRS UMR 6112, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44000, Nantes, France

    Benoit Langlais

  2. Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique, Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44000, Nantes, France

    Benoit Langlais

  3. Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany

    Vincent Lesur & Mioara Mandea

  4. Raytheon at Planetary Geodynamics Laboratory, Code 698, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA

    Michael E. Purucker

  5. Planetary Magnetospheres Laboratory, Code 695, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA

    Jack E. P. Connerney

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  1. Benoit Langlais
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  2. Vincent Lesur
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Langlais, B., Lesur, V., Purucker, M.E. et al. Crustal Magnetic Fields of Terrestrial Planets. Space Sci Rev 152, 223–249 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-009-9557-y

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