Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate waste magnesium in magnesium borate synthesis using a novel method of ultrasonic irradiation. For this purpose, waste magnesium is used as a raw material both with boric acid (H3BO3) and boron oxide (B2O3). Syntheses are conducted by directly immersing an ultrasonic probe in a glass reactor, and the reaction parameters are set between 60–80 °C and 5–20 min. Characteristic analyses of the synthesized products are conducted by the techniques of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Products B2O3 contents and reaction yields are also investigated. Results showed that admontite [MgO(B2O3)3·7(H2O)] and mcallisterite [Mg2(B6O7(OH)6)2·9(H2O)] types of magnesium borates minerals are synthesized. SEM analysis showed that the products particle sizes are approximately between 750 nm and 3.58 μm for mcallisterite, 474 nm and 5.10 μm for admontite. The reaction yields are found between 22 and 51 %.
Graphical Abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
References
M.M. Avedesian, H. Baker, Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys (ASM International, Novelty, 1999)
K.U. Kainer, Magnesium Alloys and Technologies (Wiley, Weinheim, 2006)
D.A. Kramer, Flow Studies for Recycling Metal Commodities in the United States, Part E: Magnesium Recycling in the United States in 1998 (U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, 2004), p. E1
T. Pretz, J. Julius, Waste: A Handbook for Management (Academic Press, London, 2011), p. 89
S. Li, X. Fang, J. Leng, H. Shen, Y. Fan, D. Xu, Mater. Lett. 64, 151 (2010)
E.M. Elssfah, A. Enousi, J. Zhang, H.S. Song, C. Tang, Mater. Lett. 61, 4358 (2007)
E.M. Derun, F.T. Senberber, Sci. World J. Article ID 985185 (2014)
E.M. Derun, A.S. Kipcak, F.T. Senberber, M.S. Yilmaz, Res. Chem. Intermed. 41(2), 853 (2015)
P. Gurses, M. Yildirim, A.S. Kipcak, S.A. Yuksel, E.M. Derun, S. Piskin, Main Group Chem. 14, 199 (2015)
A.S. Kipcak, E.M. Derun, S. Piskin, Turk. J. Chem. 38(5), 792 (2014)
A.S. Kipcak, M. Yildirim, S.A. Yuksel, E.M. Derun, S. Piskin, Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. Article ID 819745 (2014)
A. Kaplan, A.S. Kipcak, F.T. Senberber, E.M. Derun, S. Piskin, Main Group Met. Chem. 38(3–4), 99 (2015)
A.S. Kipcak, F.T. Senberber, E.M. Derun, S. Piskin, Reuse of magnesium wastes in hydrothermal synthesis of a magnesium borate mineral: admontite. Environ. Eng. Manag. J. (2016) (in press)
L. Zhihong, H. Mancheng, Thermochim. Acta 403, 181 (2003)
L. Zhihong, H. Mancheng, Thermochim. Acta 411, 27 (2004)
L. Zhihong, H. Mancheng, Thermochim. Acta 414, 215 (2004)
L. Zhihong, H. Mancheng, G. Shiyang, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 75, 73 (2004)
Z. Zhang, W. Zhu, R. Wang, L. Zhang, L. Zhu, Q. Zhang, J. Mater. Chem. A 2, 19167 (2014)
W. Zhu, R. Wang, S. Zhu, L. Zhang, X. Cui, H. Zhang, X. Piao, Q. Zhang, ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2, 836 (2014)
A. Chen, J. Li, P. Gu, J. Hu, Powder Technol. 267, 54 (2014)
A. Gedanken, Ultrason. Sonochem. 11, 47 (2004)
J.H. Bang, K.S. Suslick, Adv. Mater. 22, 1039 (2010)
R. Mettin, C. Cairós, A. Troia, Ultrason. Sonochem. 25, 24 (2015)
K.S. Suslick, G.J. Price, Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. 29, 295 (1999)
L.H. Thompson, L.K. Doraiswamy, Ind. Eng. Chem. 38, 1215 (1999)
A.K. Zak, W.H. Majid, H.Z. Wang, R. Yousefi, A.M. Golsheikh, Z.F. Ren, Ultrason. Sonochem. 20, 395 (2013)
W. Kim, D. Choi, S. Kim, Mater. Trans. 9, 1694 (2010)
J. Park, B.C. Kim, A.S. Park, H.C.J. Park, J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 20, 531 (2001)
H. Wang, Y.N. Lu, J.J. Zhu, H.Y. Chen, Inorg. Chem. 42, 6404 (2003)
B. Neppolian, Q. Wang, H. Jung, H. Choi, Ultrason. Sonochem. 15, 649 (2008)
M.S. Yilmaz, A.K. Figen, S. Piskin, Powder Technol. 215–216, 166 (2012)
A.K. Figen, S. Piskin, Particuology 17, 158 (2014)
H.S. Fogler, Element of Chemical Reaction Engineering, 3rd edn. (Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 1999)
T. Ibroska, A.S. Kipcak, S.A. Yuksel, E.M. Derun, S. Piskin, Turk. J. Chem. 39(5), 1025 (2015)
J. Yongzhong, G. Shiyang, X. Shuping, L. Jun, Spectrochim. Acta A 56(7), 1291 (2010)
W. Zhu, G. Li, Q. Zhang, L. Xiang, S. Zhu, Powder Technol. 203, 265 (2010)
J.W. Anthony, R.A. Bideaux, K.W. Bladh, M.C. Nichols, Mcallisterite-Handbook of Mineralogy, 1st edn. (Mineral Data Publishing, Virginia, 2003)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kipcak, A.S., Derun, E.M. A new approach on the evaluation of magnesium wastes in the magnesium borate synthesis using the novel method of ultrasonic irradiation. Res Chem Intermed 42, 6663–6679 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-016-2488-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-016-2488-9