Abstract
The hierarchical flower-like TiO2 has been achieved by using a simple solvothermal process without any surfactants or colloidal crystals as a template. The structures of the products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis. The relationship between hierarchical structure and photocatalytic performance has been presented based on detailed characterizations. It was found that the hierarchical flower-like structure was a benefit for light absorption and significantly enhanced the photocatalytic activity.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
M.M. Maye, I.I.S. Lim, J. Luo, Z. Rab, D. Rabinovich, T.-B. Liu, C.-J. Zhong, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 1519 (2005)
V. Tzitzios, D. Niarchos, M. Gjoka, N. Boukos, D. Petridis, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 13756 (2005)
G. Hu, D. Ma, L. Liu, M. Cheng, X.-H. Bao, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 43, 3452 (2004)
M. Mo, J.-C. Yu, L.-Z. Zhang, S.K.A. Li, Adv. Mater. 17, 756 (2005)
A.L. Linsebigler, G.-Q. Lu, J. T. Yates Jr., Chem. Rev. 95, 735 (1995)
A. Fujishima, T.-N. Rao, D.A. Tryk, J. Photochem. Photobiol. C 1, 1 (2000)
H.-X. Li, Z.-F. Bian, J. Zhu, D.-Q. Zhang, G.-S. Li, Y.-N. Huo, H. Li, Y.-F. Lu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129, 8406 (2007)
C.-Z. Wu, Y. Xie, L.-Y. Lei, S.-Q. Hu, C.-Z. OuYang, Adv. Mater. 18, 1727 (2006)
X.-L. Hu, J.-C. Yu, J.-M. Gong, J. Phys. Chem. C 111, 11180 (2007)
D. Zhang, L. Qi, J. Ma, H. Cheng, J. Mater. Chem. 12, 3677 (2002)
K.D. Kim, S.H. Kim, H.T. Kim, Colloids Surf. A 254, 99 (2005)
Q. Zhang, L. Gao, Langmuir 19, 967 (2003)
Y.-X. Zhang, G.-H. Li, Y.-X. Jin, Y. Zhang, J. Zhang, L.-D. Zhang, Chem. Phys. Lett. 365, 300 (2002)
J.-J. Wu, C.-C. Yu, J. Phys. Chem. B 108, 3377 (2004)
S. Liu, K. Huang, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 85, 125 (2004)
S.-M. Liu, L.-M. Gan, L.-H. Liu, W.-D. Zhang, H.-C. Zeng, Chem. Mater. 14, 1391 (2002)
D. Gong, C.A. Grimes, O.K. Varghese, W. Hu, R. Singh, S.-Z. Chen, E.C. Dickey, J. Mater. Res. 16, 3331 (2001)
T. Kasuga, M. Hiramatsu, A. Hoson, T. Sekino, K. Niihara, Langmuir 14, 3160 (1998)
Y. Lin, G.-S. Wu, X.-Y. Yuan, T. Xie, L.-D. Zhang, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 15, 2917 (2003)
A.R. Armstrong, G. Armstrong, J. Canales, R. García, P.G. Bruce, Adv. Mater. 7, 862 (2005)
Z.-Y. Yuan, B.-L. Su, Colloids Surf. A 241, 173 (2004)
D. Walsh, S. Mann, Nature 377, 320 (1995)
C.-W. Guo, Y. Cao, S.-H. Xie, W.-L. Dai, K.-N. Fan, Chem. Commun. 700 (2003)
H.-G. Yang, H.-C. Zeng, J. Phys. Chem. B 108, 3492 (2004)
C.-W. Sun, J. Sun, G.-L. Xiao, H.-R. Zhang, X.-P. Qiu, H. Li, L.-Q. Chen, J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 13445 (2006)
J.-G. Yu, H.-G. Yu, B. Cheng, X.-J. Zhao, J.-C. Yu, W.K. Ho, J. Phys. Chem. B 107, 13871 (2003)
J.-G. Yu, Y.-R. Su, B. Cheng, Adv. Funct. Mater. 17, 1984 (2007)
J.-A. Wang, R. Limas-Ballesteros, T. Lopez, A. Moreno, R. Gomez, O. Novaro, X. Bokhimi, J. Phys. Chem. B 105, 9692 (2001)
Acknowledgment
This work was supported by the Government (2007CG59), Shanghai Normal University (SK200723), and the State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Photocatalysis of Fuzhou University (K-081019).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhu, J., Wang, SH., Bian, ZF. et al. A facile synthesis of hierarchical flower-like TiO2 with enhanced photocatalytic activity. Res Chem Intermed 35, 769–777 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-009-0096-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-009-0096-7