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Role of oxytocin signaling in the regulation of body weight

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Abstract

Obesity and its associated metabolic disorders are growing health concerns in the US and worldwide. In the US alone, more than two-thirds of the adult population is classified as either overweight or obese [1], highlighting the need to develop new, effective treatments for these conditions. Whereas the hormone oxytocin is well known for its peripheral effects on uterine contraction during parturition and milk ejection during lactation, release of oxytocin from somatodendrites and axonal terminals within the central nervous system (CNS) is implicated in both the formation of prosocial behaviors and in the control of energy balance. Recent findings demonstrate that chronic administration of oxytocin reduces food intake and body weight in diet-induced obese (DIO) and genetically obese rodents with impaired or defective leptin signaling. Importantly, chronic systemic administration of oxytocin out to 6 weeks recapitulates the effects of central administration on body weight loss in DIO rodents at doses that do not result in the development of tolerance. Furthermore, these effects are coupled with induction of Fos (a marker of neuronal activation) in hindbrain areas (e.g. dorsal vagal complex (DVC)) linked to the control of meal size and forebrain areas (e.g. hypothalamus, amygdala) linked to the regulation of food intake and body weight. This review assesses the potential central and peripheral targets by which oxytocin may inhibit body weight gain, its regulation by anorexigenic and orexigenic signals, and its potential use as a therapy that can circumvent leptin resistance and reverse the behavioral and metabolic abnormalities associated with DIO and genetically obese models.

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Acknowledgments

This material is based upon work supported by the Office of Research and Development, Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). The research in our laboratory has been supported by the Department of VA Merit Review Research Program. The authors are appreciative of the efforts by Vishwanath Anekonda, Benjamin Thompson, Denis Baskin and Bang Hwang for their assistance in critically reviewing this manuscript.

Conflict of Interest

James Blevins and Jacqueline Ho have no conflicts of interest in the data presented in this review.

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  1. VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA

    James E. Blevins & Jacqueline M. Ho

  2. Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA

    James E. Blevins & Jacqueline M. Ho

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Blevins, J.E., Ho, J.M. Role of oxytocin signaling in the regulation of body weight. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 14, 311–329 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-013-9260-x

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