Abstract
Adsorbent materials based on apatites (non-substituted and substituted with Sr and Ba) were used for the adsorption of phenol from aqueous solution at 10, 20 and 30 °C and three pH values (3, 6 and 10.5). Structural studies show the formation of the apatite materials and the replacement of Ca by Sr and Ba. The adsorption isotherms of phenol were determined and modelled with two parameter equations (Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin) or with three parameter equations (Sips and Dubinin–Radushkevich). Taking into account the Sips isotherm, the maximum amount of phenol uptake was 220 mg g−1 for Ba based adsorbent. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated and indicated that the adsorption of phenol onto prepared apatites was spontaneous and exothermic. The DRIFTS studies detected both phenol and phenolate species adsorbed on the surface. It was also shown that phenol molecules were adsorbed by hydrogen bonding between apatite metal ion or oxygen atom from P–O group and the hydrogen of the phenol functional group. The kinetic data indicate that physical and chemical adsorption, may be involved in the adsorption process.
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Acknowledgements
The present study was partially supported by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNCS/CCCDI–UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P2-2.1-PED-2016-0198 and by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNCS/CCCDI–UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P2-2.1-PED-2016-0251, within PNCDI III.
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I. Fierascu, S.M. Avramescu and R.C. Fierascu are the principal investigators in this study, having an equal contribution to the manuscript. IF, SMA and RCF conceived and designed the study, analysed and correlated the data. IF and RCF performed the synthesis and characterisation studies trough ICP-AES, XRD and EDXRF. SMA performed the phenol adsorption studies and FTIR analyses. I. Petreanu performed the thermal analyses, A. Marinoiu performed the BET analyses, A. Soare performed the SEM analyses and A. Nica contributed to the phenol adsorption studies. All authors read, contributed to and approved the final manuscript.
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Fierascu, I., Avramescu, S.M., Petreanu, I. et al. Efficient removal of phenol from aqueous solutions using hydroxyapatite and substituted hydroxyapatites. Reac Kinet Mech Cat 122, 155–175 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11144-017-1197-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11144-017-1197-8