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Adolescents’ sleep quality in relation to peer, family and school factors: findings from the 2017/2018 HBSC study in Flanders

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Abstract

Purpose

While a multitude of studies focused on biological and behavioral determinants of adolescents’ sleep quality, a paucity of research examined the impact of social factors. The current study therefore examines the relationship between adolescents’ sleep quality and peer, family and school factors.

Methods

Data of Flemish participants in the 2017/2018 Health Behavior in School-aged Children survey (HBSC) were used, which is representative of the adolescent population (11–18 years) in Flanders. Adolescents’ sleep quality was linked to individual-level data on peer relationships (i.e., peer support), family relationships (i.e., family support, perceived family wealth, caregiving responsibilities) and school relationships (i.e., teacher support, school support, school pressure) and contextual-level data on the school culture. Three-level multilevel models were fitted to account for the clustering of individuals (N = 8153) within classes (N = 769) and classes within schools (N = 177).

Results

The individual-level results indicated that adolescents’ sleep quality was positively related to family support, teacher support, student support and perceived family wealth. In contrast, adolescents’ sleep quality was negatively related to caregiving responsibilities and school pressure. In addition, the contextual-level results pointed out that adolescents tended to report better sleep quality in less-demanding schools.

Conclusion

These findings highlight the need to consider social factors in promoting better sleep in adolescence.

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Data Availability

HBSC is an international study carried out in collaboration with WHO/EURO. The international coordinator of the 2017/18 study was Jo Inchley (University of Glasgow); and the data bank manager was Oddrun Samdal, (University of Bergen). A complete list of the participating researchers can be found on the HBSC website https://www.HBSC.org. This publication makes use of the data of Flanders (Belgium) only. The Principal Investigator of the 2017/18 HBSC Flanders was Bart De Clercq. The data are available upon request and approval from the authors.

Code availability

The R code is available upon request from the corresponding author.

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Funding

This work was supported by the government of Flanders. The funding source had no role in the design or conduct of the study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium

    Katrijn Delaruelle

  2. Health Promotion Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium

    Katrijn Delaruelle, Maxim Dierckens, Ann Vandendriessche, Benedicte Deforche & Louise Poppe

  3. Movement and Nutrition for Health and Performance Research Group, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Elsene, Belgium

    Benedicte Deforche

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Contributions

The first author (KD) designed the study, had primary responsibility for writing and editing of the manuscript and supervised the data analysis. All co-authors helped interpreting the data and critically reviewed the manuscript. All authors gave final approval for the article to be published.

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Correspondence to Katrijn Delaruelle.

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Delaruelle, K., Dierckens, M., Vandendriessche, A. et al. Adolescents’ sleep quality in relation to peer, family and school factors: findings from the 2017/2018 HBSC study in Flanders. Qual Life Res 30, 55–65 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-020-02614-2

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