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Validation of the Osteoporosis-Specific Morisky Medication Adherence Scale in long-term users of bisphosphonates

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Abstract

Purpose

To examine the psychometric properties and validity of the 8-item Osteoporosis-Specific Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (OS-MMAS-8) in postmenopausal women prescribed bisphosphonates (BPs) for at least 15 months.

Methods

A random sample of women aged ≥55 years with osteoporosis prescribed daily or weekly BPs was identified. Pharmacy fill data were extracted to calculate the medication possession ratio (MPR). Eligible women were stratified by low (<0.50), medium (0.50–0.79), or high (≥0.80) MPR, with the a priori goal of recruiting 133 participants in each group. OS-MMAS-8 scores can range from 0 to 8 and were categorized as low (<6), medium (6 to <8), and high (8) adherence. Internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s alpha), test–retest reliability [intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs)] and convergent validity (correlating OS-MMAS-8 with MPR and other self-reported measures) were assessed.

Results

A total of 400 women out of 449 respondents reported that they were still taking their BPs at the time of the survey and completed OS-MMAS-8. Overall, 38.5, 34.3, and 27.3 % of participants had low, medium, and high OS-MMAS-8 scores, respectively. The mean (SD) MPRs according to OS-MMAS-8 scores (<6, 6 to <8 and 8) were 56.9 (22.6), 69.0 (24.9), and 76.7 (26.4), respectively. The correlation between OS-MMAS-8 and MPR was 0.36; p < 0.0001. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.74, and the ICC was 0.83 (95 % CI 0.76–0.88).

Conclusions

OS-MMAS-8 has acceptable psychometric properties for assessing medication adherence in postmenopausal women prescribed therapy for osteoporosis. Additional studies are needed to investigate the psychometric properties of OS-MMAS-8 in other settings and populations.

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the exemplary contributions of the study staff at the Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California (Alexander Carruth, Kimberly Saylor, Rong Wei, and Sandra Zakai). We thank David Macarios of Amgen Inc. for his insights on the Needs–Concerns Differential analyses. This study was funded by a contractual agreement between Kaiser Permanente Southern California and Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA.

Conflict of interest

Drs. O’Malley, Viswanathan and Grauer are employees of Amgen Inc. and own stock in Amgen Inc. Drs. Muntner, Gold, Silverman, and Morisky have served as advisors for Amgen Inc. Drs. Muntner, Gold and Silverman have served as consultants for Amgen Inc. Drs. Reynolds and Muntner received research support from Amgen Inc. Dr. Silverman has served as an advisor for Lilly, Novartis and Pfizer/Wyeth. Dr. Silverman has served as a consultant for Genentech, Lilly, Novartis and Pfizer/Wyeth. Dr. Silverman has received research support from Lilly and Pfizer/Wyeth. This study was funded by a contractual agreement between Kaiser Permanente Southern California and Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, 100 S. Los Robles, 2nd Floor, Pasadena, CA, 91101, USA

    Kristi Reynolds, Teresa N. Harrison & Jin-Wen Y. Hsu

  2. Global Health Economics, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, MS 28-3-A, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA

    Hema N. Viswanathan

  3. Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, RPHB 230J, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA

    Paul Muntner

  4. Pharmacy Analytical Service, Kaiser Permanente, 12254 Bellflower Blvd, Downey, CA, 90242, USA

    T. Craig Cheetham

  5. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC 3003, Durham, NC, 27710, USA

    Deborah T. Gold

  6. Department of Sociology, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC 3003, Durham, NC, 27710, USA

    Deborah T. Gold

  7. Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC 3003, Durham, NC, 27710, USA

    Deborah T. Gold

  8. Department of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai/UCLA, 8641 Wilshire Blvd, Ste. 303, Los Angeles, CA, 90211, USA

    Stuart Silverman

  9. Clinical Development, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, MS 38-3-C, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA

    Andreas Grauer

  10. Department of Community Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, P.O. Box 951772, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA

    Donald E. Morisky

  11. Center for Observational Research, Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd, MS ASF3-3, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA

    Cynthia D. O’Malley

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  1. Kristi Reynolds
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  2. Hema N. Viswanathan
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  6. Jin-Wen Y. Hsu
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  7. Deborah T. Gold
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  8. Stuart Silverman
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  9. Andreas Grauer
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  10. Donald E. Morisky
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  11. Cynthia D. O’Malley
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kristi Reynolds.

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Reynolds, K., Viswanathan, H.N., Muntner, P. et al. Validation of the Osteoporosis-Specific Morisky Medication Adherence Scale in long-term users of bisphosphonates. Qual Life Res 23, 2109–2120 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-014-0662-3

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