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Cross-National Analysis of Beliefs and Attitude Toward Mental Illness Among Medical Professionals From Five Countries

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Abstract

This quantitative study sought to compare beliefs about the manifestation, causes and treatment of mental illness and attitudes toward people with mental illness among health professionals from five countries: the United States, Brazil, Ghana, Nigeria, and China. A total of 902 health professionals from the five countries were surveyed using a questionnaire addressing attitudes towards people with mental illness and beliefs about the causes of mental illness. Chi-square and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to compare age and gender of the samples. Confirmatory factor analysis was employed to confirm the structure and fit of the hypothesized model based on data from a previous study that identified four factors: socializing with people with mental illness (socializing), belief that people with mental illness should have normal roles in society (normalizing), non-belief in supernatural causes (witchcraft or curses), and belief in bio-psycho-social causes of mental illness (bio-psycho-social). Analysis of Covariance was used to compare four factor scores across countries adjusting for differences in age and gender. Scores on all four factors were highest among U.S. professionals. The Chinese sample showed lowest score on socializing and normalizing while the Nigerian and Ghanaian samples were lowest on non-belief in supernatural causes of mental illness. Responses from Brazil fell between those of the U.S. and the other countries. Although based on convenience samples of health professional robust differences in attitudes among health professionals between these five countries appear to reflect underlying socio-cultural differences affecting attitudes of professionals with the greater evidence of stigmatized attitudes in developing countries.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. VA New England Mental Illness Research and Education Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System (116A-4), 950 Campbell Ave., Building 36, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA

    Elina Stefanovics, Meaghan Leddy & Robert Rosenheck

  2. Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA

    Elina Stefanovics, Adesuwa Ighodaro & Robert Rosenheck

  3. Guangzhou Psychiatric Hospital, Guangzhou, China

    Hongbo He

  4. University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana

    Angela Ofori-Atta

  5. Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Maria Tavares Cavalcanti & Helio Rocha Neto

  6. University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria

    Victor Makanjuola

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  1. Elina Stefanovics
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  2. Hongbo He
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  3. Angela Ofori-Atta
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  6. Victor Makanjuola
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  7. Adesuwa Ighodaro
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  9. Robert Rosenheck
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Correspondence to Elina Stefanovics.

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Stefanovics, E., He, H., Ofori-Atta, A. et al. Cross-National Analysis of Beliefs and Attitude Toward Mental Illness Among Medical Professionals From Five Countries. Psychiatr Q 87, 63–73 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-015-9363-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-015-9363-5

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