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Making proteins green; biosynthesis of chlorophyll-binding proteins in cyanobacteria

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Abstract

Chlorophyll (Chl) is an essential component of the photosynthetic apparatus. Embedded into Chl-binding proteins, Chl molecules play a central role in light harvesting and charge separation within the photosystems. It is critical for the photosynthetic cell to not only ensure the synthesis of a sufficient amount of new Chl-binding proteins but also avoids any misbalance between apoprotein synthesis and the formation of potentially phototoxic Chl molecules. According to the available data, Chl-binding proteins are translated on membrane bound ribosomes and their integration into the membrane is provided by the SecYEG/Alb3 translocon machinery. It appears that the insertion of Chl molecules into growing polypeptide is a prerequisite for the correct folding and finishing of Chl-binding protein synthesis. Although the Chl biosynthetic pathway is fairly well-described on the level of enzymatic steps, a link between Chl biosynthesis and the synthesis of apoproteins remains elusive. In this review, I summarize the current knowledge about this issue putting emphasis on protein–protein interactions. I present a model of the Chl biosynthetic pathway organized into a multi-enzymatic complex and physically attached to the SecYEG/Alb3 translocon. Localization of this hypothetical large biosynthetic centre in the cyanobacterial cell is also discussed as well as regulatory mechanisms coordinating the rate of Chl and apoprotein synthesis.

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Abbreviations

Chl:

Chlorophyll

Chl-protein:

Chlorophyll-binding protein

PSI:

Photosystems I

PSII:

Photosystems II

Synechocystis :

Synechocystis PCC 6803

GluTR:

Glutamyl-tRNA-reductase

GluRS:

Glutamyl-tRNA-synthetase

POR:

Light-dependent protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase

Chlide:

Chlorophyllide

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Acknowledgments

I am grateful to Prof. Josef Komenda for stimulating scientific discussion and Jason Dean for reading the manuscript. I acknowledge the financial support from projects Algatech (CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0110) and RVO61388971 and from project P501/10/1000 of the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic.

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  1. Institute of Microbiology CAS, Opatovický mlyn, Třeboň, Czech Republic

    Roman Sobotka

  2. Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic

    Roman Sobotka

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Sobotka, R. Making proteins green; biosynthesis of chlorophyll-binding proteins in cyanobacteria. Photosynth Res 119, 223–232 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-013-9797-2

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