Abstract
Elastic optical networks (EONs) have been receiving extensive attention because of their inherent flexibility and the efficiency with which they allocate fiber-bandwidth. For an EON, survivability is of crucial importance because of the very high bandwidth that it carries on each optical channel. In this article, we review the current state of the art of survivable EONs which reviews the literature to summarize the following aspects: (a) spectrum resource sharing among backup lightpaths, (b) sharing of high-speed optical transponders, (c) effect of spectrum conversion, (d) bandwidth squeezed restoration (BSR), (e) joint restoration by multiple sub-band optical channels, (f) multi-layer survivability, and (g) energy efficiency. Apart from a summary on the current research status, we also discuss open research issues which are important to survivable EONs from the perspectives of (a) impact of spectrum conversion, (b) impact of elastic optical transponder configuration, (c) impact of physical layer impairments and limitations, (d) protection-path-based spectrum defragmentation, and (e) network availability.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Cisco: Cisco visual networking index: forecast and methodology, 2011-2016. [Online]. http://www.cisco.com/en/US/solutions/collateral/ns341/ns525/ns537/ns705/ns827/white_paper_c11-481360_ns827_Networking_Solutions_White_Paper.html (2012, May 30)
O’Neill, M.: Cisco predicts that 90% of all Internet traffic will be video in the next three years. [Online]. http://socialtimes.com/cisco-predicts-that-90-of-all-internet-traffic-will-be-video-in-the-next-three-years_b82819 (2011, November 1)
ITU-T Recommendation G.694.1, Spectral grids for WDM applications: DWDM frequency grid, v2.0, 2012
Shieh, W., Djordjevic, I.: OFDM for Optical Communications. Academic Press, London (2010)
Bosco, G., Carena, A., Curri, V., Poggiolini, P., Forghieri, F.: Performance limits of Nyquist-WDM and CO-OFDM in high-speed PM-QPSK systems. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 22(15), 1129–1131 (2010)
Jinno, M., Takara, H., Kozicki, B., Tsukishima, Y., Sone, Y., Matsuoka, S.: Spectrum-efficient and scalable elastic optical path network: architecture, benefits, and enabling technologies. IEEE Commun. Mag. 47(1), 66–73 (2009)
Gerstel, O., Jinno, M., Lord, A., Yoo, S.J.B.: Elastic optical networking: A new dawn for the optical layer? IEEE Commun. Mag. 50(2), s12–s20 (2012)
Shen, G., Zukerman, M.: Spectrum-efficient and agile CO-OFDM optical transport networks: architecture, design, and operation. IEEE Commun. Mag. 50(5), 82–89 (2012)
Wang, Y., Cao, X., Hu, Q., Pan, Y.: Towards elastic and fine-granular bandwidth allocation in spectrum-sliced optical networks. IEEE/OSA J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 4(11), 906–917 (2012)
Christodoulopoulos, K., Tomkos, I., Varvarigos, E.: Routing and spectrum allocation in OFDM-based optical networks with elastic bandwidth allocation. In: Proceedings of GLOBECOM 2010
Wan, X., Hua, N., Zheng, X.: Dynamic routing and spectrum assignment in spectrum-flexible transparent optical networks. IEEE/OSA J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 4(8), 603–613 (2012)
Klinkowski, M., Walkowiak, K.: Routing and spectrum assignment in spectrum sliced elastic optical path network. IEEE Commun. Lett. 15(8), 884–886 (2011)
Munoz, R., Casellas, R., Martinez, R.: Dynamic distributed spectrum allocation in GMPLS-controlled elastic optical networks. In: Proceedings of ECOC 2011
Liu, L., et al.: OpenSlice: an OpenFlow-based control plane for spectrum sliced elastic optical path networks. In: Proceedings of ECOC 2012
Zhang, J., Zhang, J., Zhao, Y., Yang, H., Yu, X., Wang, L., Fu, X.: Experimental setup for OpenFlow-based elastic lightpath provisioning in flexi-grid optical networks. In: Proceedings of ECOC 2012
Zhang, S., Martel, C., Mukherjee, B.: Dynamic traffic grooming in elastic optical networks. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 31(1), 4–12 (2013)
Zhang, Y., Zheng, X., Li, Q., Hua, N., Li, Y., Zhang, H.: Traffic grooming in spectrum-elastic optical path networks. In: Proceedings OFC/NFOEC 2011
Shen, G., Yang, Q., You, S., Shao, W.: Maximizing time-dependent spectrum sharing between neighbouring channels in CO-OFDM optical networks. In: Proceedings of ICTON 2011
Christodoulopoulos, K., Tomkos, I., Varvarigos, E.: Time-varying spectrum allocation policies and blocking analysis in flexible optical networks. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 31(1), 13–25 (2013)
Sone, Y., et al.: Bandwidth squeezed restoration in spectrum-sliced elastic optical path networks (SLICE). IEEE/OSA J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 3(3), 223–233 (2011)
Liu, M., Tornatore, M., Mukherjee, B.: Survivable traffic grooming in elastic optical networks–shared protection. IEEE/OSA J. Lightw. Technol. 31(6), 903–909 (2013)
Wei, Y., Shen, G., You, S.: Span restoration for CO-OFDM-based elastic optical networks under spectrum conversion. In: Proceedings of ACP 2012
Shao, X., Yeo, Y.-K., Xu, Z., Cheng, X., Zhou, L.: Shared-path protection in OFDM-based optical networks with elastic bandwidth allocation. In: Proceedings of OFC/NFOEC 2012
Klinkowski, M.: A genetic algorithm for solving RSA problem in elastic optical networks with dedicated path protection. In: Proceedings of International Joint Conference CISIS’2012-ICEUTE’12-SOCO’12
Zhang, J., Lv, C., Zhao, Y., Chen, B., Li, X., Huang, S., Gu, W.: A novel shared-path protection algorithm with correlated risk against multiple failures in flexible bandwidth optical networks. Opt. Fiber Technol. 18(6), 532–540 (2012)
Grover, W.D.: Mesh-based survivable networks: options and strategies for optical, MPLS, SONET and ATM networking. Prentice-Hall, NY (2003)
Herzberg, M., Bye, S.: An optimal spare-capacity assignment model for survivable networks with hop limits. In: Proceedings of GLOBECOM 1994
Grover, W.D., Stamatelakis, D.: Cycle-oriented distributed preconfiguration: ring-like speed with mesh-like capacity for self-planning network restoration. In: Proceedings of ICC 1998
Shen, G., Grover, W.D.: Extending the p-cycle concept to path segment protection for span and node failure recovery. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 21(8), 1306–1319 (2003)
Ou, C., Zhang, J., Zang, H., Sahasrabuddhe, L.H., Mukherjee, B.: Near-optimal approaches for shared-path protection in WDM mesh networks. In: Proceedings of ICC 2003
Shen, G., Grover, W.D.: Survey and performance comparison of dynamic provisioning methods for optical shared backup path protection. In: Proceedings of BroadNets 2005
Iraschko, R.R., MacGregor, M.H., Grover, W.D.: Optimal capacity placement for path restoration in STM or ATM mesh-survivable networks. IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw. 6(3), 325–336 (1998)
Klinkowski, M., Walkowiak, K.: Offline RSA algorithms for elastic optical networks with dedicated path protection consideration. In: 4th International Congress on Ultra-Modern Telecommunications and Control Systems and Workshops (ICUMT) (2012)
Klinkowski, M.: An evolutionary algorithm approach for dedicated path protection problem in elastic optical networks. Cybern. Syst. 44(6–7), 589–605 (2013)
Tornatore, M., Rottondi, C., Goscien, R., Walkowiak, K., Rizzelli, G., Morea, A.: On the complexity of routing and spectrum assignment in flexible-grid ring networks [Invited]. IEEE/OSA J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 7(2), A256–A267 (2015)
Talebi, S., Bampis, E., Lucarelli, G., Katib, I., Rouskas, G.N.: On routing and spectrum assignment in rings. IEEE/OSA J. Lightw. Technol. 33(1), 151–160 (2015)
Wei, Y., Shen, G., Bose, S.K.: Span-restorable elastic optical networks under different spectrum conversion capabilities. IEEE Trans. Reliab. 63(2), 401–411 (2014)
Wei, Y., Xu, K., Zhao, H., Shen, G.: Applying p-Cycle technique to elastic optical networks. In: Proceedings of ONDM (2014)
Ji, F., Chen, X., Lu, W., Rodrigues, J.J.P.C., Zhu, Z.: Dynamic p-cycle protection in spectrum-sliced elastic optical networks. IEEE/OSA J. Lightw. Technol. 32(6), 1190–1199 (2014)
Chen, X., Ji, F., Zhu, Z.: Service availability oriented \(p\)-cycle protection design in elastic optical networks. IEEE/OSA J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 6(10), 901–910 (2014)
Oliveira, H.M.N.S., da Fonseca, N.L.S.: Protection in elastic optical networks against up to two failures based FIPP \(p\)-Cycle. In: 2014 Brazilian Symposium on Computer Networks and Distributed Systems (SBRC) (2014)
Kosaka, S., Hasegawa, H., Sato, K., Tanaka, T., Hirano, A., Jinno, M.: Shared protected elastic optical path network design that applies iterative re-optimization based on resource utilization efficiency measures. In: Proceedings of ECOC 2012
Shen, G., Wei, Y., Bose, S.K.: Optimal design for shared backup path protected elastic optical networks under single-link failure. IEEE/OSA J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 6(7), 649–659 (2014)
Walkowiak, K., Klinkowski, M.: Shared backup path protection in elastic optical networks: modeling and optimization. In: Proceedings of DRCN (2013)
Eira, A., Pedro, J., Pires, J.: Optimized design of shared restoration in flexible-grid transparent optical networks. In: Proceedings of OFC/NFOEC 2012
Chen, B., Zhang, J., Zhao, Y., Jue, J.P., Liu, J., Huang, S., Gu, W.: Spectrum-block consumption for shared-path protection with joint failure probability in flexible bandwidth optical networks. Opt. Switch. Netw. 13, 49–62 (2013)
Tarhan, A., Cavdar, C.: Shared path protection for distance adaptive elastic optical networks under dynamic traffic. In: Proceedings of RNDM (2013)
Yang, C., Hua, N., Zheng, X.: Shared path protection based on spectrum reserved matrix model in bandwidth-variable optical networks. In: Proceedings of CHINACOM 2012
Eira, A., Santos, J., Pedro, J., Pires, J.: Design of survivable flexible-grid DWDM networks with joint minimization of transponder cost and spectrum usage. In: Proceedings of ECOC (2012)
Eira, A., Santos, J., Pedro, J., Pires, J.: Multi-objective design of survivable flexible-grid DWDM networks. IEEE/OSA J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 6(3), 326–339 (2014)
Eira, A., Pedro, J., Pires, J.: Spectrum and transponder optimization in survivable translucent flexible-grid optical networks. In: Proceedings of ICC 2012
Hai, D., Morvan, M., Gravey, P.: On the usage of flexible transponder in survivable transparent flex-grid optical network. In: 9th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks & Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP) (2014)
Gravey, P., Hai, D., Morvan, M.: On the advantages of CO-OFDM transponder in network-side protection. In: Proceedings of Photonic Switching (2014)
Sone, Y., et al.: Highly survivable restoration scheme employing optical bandwidth squeezing in spectrum-sliced elastic optical path (SLICE) network. In: Proceedings of OFC/NFOEC (2009)
Castro, A., Ruiz, M., Velasco, L., Junyent, G., Comellas, J.: Path-based recovery in flexgrid optical networks. In: Proceedings of ICTON (2012)
Paolucci, F., Castro, A., Cugini, F., Velasco, L., Castoldi, P.: Multipath restoration and bitrate squeezing in SDN-based elastic optical networks [Invited]. Photonic Netw. Commun. 28(1), 45–57 (2014)
Ruan, L., Xiao, N.: Survivable multipath routing and spectrum allocation in OFDM-based flexible optical networks. IEEE/OSA J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 5(3), 172–182 (2013)
Ruan, L., Zheng, Y.: Dynamic survivable multipath routing and spectrum allocation in OFDM-based flexible optical networks. IEEE/OSA J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 6(1), 77–85 (2014)
Assis, K.D.R., Almeida, R.C., Waldman, H.: MILP formulation for squeezed protection in spectrum-sliced elastic optical path networks. In: Proceedings of Performance Evaluation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems (SPECTS) (2012)
Jinno, M., Takara, H., Sone, Y.: Elastic optical path networking: enhancing network capacity and disaster survivability toward 1 Tbps era. In: Proceedings of OECC (2011)
Xia, M., Proietti, R., Dahlfort, S., Yoo, S.J.B.: Split spectrum: a multi-channel approach to elastic optical networking. Opt. Express 20(28), 29143–29148 (2012)
Shen, G., Cai, A., Peng, L.: Benefits of sub-band virtual concatenation (VCAT) in CO-OFDM optical networks. In: Proceedings of ICTON (2012)
Castro, A., Velasco, L., Ruiz, M., Comellas, J.: Single-path provisioning with multi-path recovery in flexgrid optical networks. In: Proceedings of RNDM (2012)
Castro, A., Velasco, L., Comellas, J., Junyent, G.: On the benefits of multi-path recovery in flexgrid optical networks. Photonic Netw. Commun. 28(3), 251–263 (2014)
Xia, M., Dahlfort, S.: Resilient provisioning for multi-flow elastic optical networking. In: Proceedings of ECOC (2013)
Dallaglio, M., Giorgetti, A., Sambo, N., Cugini, F., Castoldi, P.: Provisioning and restoration with sliceability in GMPLS-based elastic optical networks [Invited]. IEEE/OSA J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 7(2), A309–A317 (2015)
Dallaglio, M., Giorgetti, A., Sambo, N., Castoldi, P.: Impact of SBVTs based on multi-wavelength source during provisioning and restoration in elastic optical networks. In: Proceedings of ECOC (2014)
Wang, X., Peng, L., Shen, G.: Availability analysis for elastic optical networks with multi-path virtual concatenation technique. In: Proceedings of PIERS (2014)
Pióro, M., Tomaszewski, A., Żotkiewicz, M., Klinkowski, M., Jaworski, M., Gunkel, M.: Elastic multi-layer resilient IP-over-flexgrid networking: detailed cost analysis with bandwidth-variable transponders. In: Proceedings of ICTON (2014)
Castro, A., Velasco, L., Comellas, J., Junyent, G.: Dynamic restoration in multi-layer IP/MPLS-over-flexgrid networks. In: Proceedings of DRCN (2013)
Perelló, J., Morea, A., Spadaro, S., Pagès, A., Ricciardi, S., Gunkel, M., Junyent, G.: Power consumption reduction through elastic data rate adaptation in survivable multi-layer optical networks. Photonic Netw. Commun. 28(3), 276–286 (2014)
Kmiecik, W., Goścień, R., Walkowiak, K., Klinkowski, M.: Two-layer optimization of survivable overlay multicasting in elastic optical networks. Opt. Switch. Network., 14(Part 2), 164–178 (2014)
Vizcaino, J.L., Ye, Y., López, V., Jiménez, F., Duque, R., Krummrich, P.: On the energy efficiency of survivable optical transport networks with flexible-grid. In: Proceedings of ECOC (2012)
López, J., Ye, Y., López, V., Jimenez, F., Duque, R., Krummrich, P.M., Musumeci, F., Tornatore, M., Pattavina, A.: Traffic and power-aware protection scheme in elastic optical networks. In: Proceedings of International Telecommunications Network Strategy and Planning Symposium (NETWORKS), (2012)
Vizcaíno, J.L., Ye, Y., López, V., Jiménez, F., Musumeci, F., Tornatore, M., Pattavina, A., Krummrich, P.M.: Protection in optical transport networks with fixed and flexible grid: cost and energy efficiency evaluation. Opt. Switch. Netw. 11(Part A), 55–71 (2014)
Dallaglio, M., Giorgetti, A., Sambo, N., Cugini, F., Castoldi, P.: Impact of slice-ability on dynamic restoration in GMPLS-based flexible optical networks. In: Proceedings of OFC (2014)
Giorgetti, A., Paolucci, F., Cugini, F., Castoldi, P.: Fast restoration in SDN-based flexible optical networks. In: Proceedings of OFC (2014)
Ye, Z., Patel, A., Ji, P., Qiao, C.: Survivable virtual infrastructure mapping with dedicated protection in transport software-defined networks [Invited]. IEEE/OSA J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 7(2), A183–A189 (2015)
Xie, W., Jue, J., Zhang, Q., Wang, X., She, Q., Palacharla, P., Sekiya, M.: Survivable impairment-constrained virtual optical network mapping in flexible-grid optical networks. IEEE/OSA J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 6(11), 1008–1017 (2014)
Ruiz, M., Zotkiewicz, M., Castro, A., Klinkowski, M., Velasco, L., Pioro, M.: After failure repair optimization in dynamic flexgrid optical networks. In: Proceedings of OFC (2014)
Ruiz, M., Velasco, L.: Vulnerability modeling for periodical flexgrid network planning. In: Proceedings of ICTON (2014)
Ramamurthy, B., Mukherjee, B.: Wavelength conversion in WDM networking. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 16, 1061–1073 (1998)
Shen, G., Tucker, Rodney S.: Translucent optical networks: the way forward. IEEE Commun. Mag. 45(2), 48–54 (2007)
Ho, P.H., Tapolcai, J., Mouftah, H.T.: On achieving optimal survivable routing for shared protection in survivable next-generation Internet. IEEE Trans. Reliab. 53(2), 216–225 (2004)
Zang, H., Jue, J.P., Mukherjee, B.: A review of routing and wavelength assignment approaches for wavelength-routed optical WDM networks. Opt. Netw. Mag. 1(1), 47–60 (2000)
Cai, A., Shen, G., Peng, L., Zukerman, M.: Novel node-arc model and multiiteration heuristics for static routing and spectrum assignment in elastic optical networks. IEEE J. Lightw. Technol. 31(21), 3402–3413 (2013)
Patel, A.N., Ji, P.N., Jue, J.P., Wang, T.: Defragmentation of transparent flexible optical WDM (FWDM) networks. In: Proceedings of OFC/NFOEC (2011)
Wang, C., Shen, G., Chen, B., Peng, L.: Protection path-based hitless spectrum defragmentation in elastic optical networks: shared backup path protection. In: Proceedings of OFC (2015)
Clouqueur, M., Grover, W.D.: Availability analysis of span-restorable mesh networks. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 20(4), 810–821 (2002)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This work was jointly supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (61322109, 61172057) and Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20130003, BK2012179).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shen, G., Guo, H. & Bose, S.K. Survivable elastic optical networks: survey and perspective (invited). Photon Netw Commun 31, 71–87 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-015-0532-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-015-0532-0