Skip to main content
Log in

Genetic Relationship and Diversity Analysis of Faba Bean (Vicia Faba L. var. Minor) Genetic Resources Using Morphological and Microsatellite Molecular Markers

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Plant Molecular Biology Reporter Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Assessment of genetic diversity is an essential component in germplasm characterization and utilization. Molecular markers serve as a valuable tool to assess the genetic variation and germplasm identification, which play a key role for faba (Vicia faba L.) bean breeding. In this study, we analyzed the genetic diversity of faba bean accessions based on simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and morphological traits. Forty-six faba bean accessions, originating from different countries and from the ICARDA breeding program, were evaluated by using 15 morphological and agronomic traits and 17 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci. Significant differences among accessions for the 15 morphological descriptors were observed. Analysis by SSR markers showed a high genetic diversity among the accessions: All SSRs showed polymorphism, and 101 alleles were revealed for all accessions. The number of alleles at each locus ranged from 2 to 10, with an average of 5.94 alleles per marker, and the polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.38 to 0.84 with a mean of 0.69. Expected heterozygosity (He), observed heterozygosity (Ho), unbiased expected heterozygosity (UHe), and Shannon’s information index (I) showed existence of high genetic variation between accessions from different pedigree. Analyses of genetic distance of the accessions separated the accessions into two groups and seven and five subgroups according to morphological and SSR analysis, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the SSR markers showed that the first two principal components (PCs) explained a total of 43.90 % of the genetic variation and allowed to distinguish three groups of accessions. Regardless of the method of analysis, Tunisian cultivars are grouped together. For the rest of the accessions, the geographical origin did not seem to be the main factor for structuring the variability of the studied accessions. Elite accessions from the ICARDA faba bean program differed from others and clustered together. The results obtained suggested that the faba bean microsatellite markers can be used to efficiently distinguish faba bean genotypes and to estimate their genetic diversity.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Achtar S, Moualla MY, Kalhout A, Röder MS, MirAli N (2010) Assessment of genetic diversity among Syrian durum (Triticum ssp. durum) and bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using SSR markers. Russ J Genet 46:1320–1326

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aouar-sadli M, Louadi K, Doumandji S (2008) Pollination of the broad bean (Vicia faba L. var. major) (Fabaceae) by wild bees and honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) and its impact on the seed production in the Tizi-Ouzou area (Algeria). Afr J Agric Res 3:266–272

    Google Scholar 

  • Ayed MH (2011) Effect of partially replacing soybean by broad beans “vicia faba var minor” on digestibility, growth performances and carcass characteristics in broiler chickens. Adv Environ Biol 5:2332–2335

    Google Scholar 

  • Baranski R, Maksylewicz-Kaul A, Nothnagel T, Cavagnaro PF, Simon PW, Grzebelus D (2012) Genetic diversity of carrot (Daucus carota L.) cultivars revealed by analysis of SSR loci. Genet Resour Crop Evol 59:163–170

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benbouza H, Jacquemin JM, Baudoin JP, Mergeai G (2006) Optimization of a reliable, fast, cheap and sensitive silver staining method to detect SSR markers in polyacrylamide gels. Biotechnol Agron Soc Environ 10:77–81

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boczkowska M, Bulińska-Radomska Z, Nowosielski J (2012) AFLP analysis of genetic diversity in five accessions of Polish runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus L.). Genet Resour Crop Evol 59:473–478

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Botstein D, White RL, Skalnick M, Davis RW (1980) Construction of a genetic linkage map in man using restriction fragment length polymorphism. Am J Hum Genet 32:314–331

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cao Y, Tian L, Gao Y, Liu F (2012) Genetic diversity of cultivated and wild Ussurian Pear (Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim.) in China evaluated with M13-tailed SSR markers. Genet Resour Crop Evol 59:9–17

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duc G (1997) Faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Field Crop Res 53:99–109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duc G, Bao S, Baum M, Redden B, Sadiki M, Suso MJ, Vishniakova M, Zong X (2010) Diversity maintenance and use of Vicia faba L. genetic resources. Field Crop Res 115:270–278

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis JR, Burke JM (2007) EST-SSRs as a resource for population genetic analyses. Heredity 99:125–132

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ellwood SR, Phan HTT, Jordan M, Hane J, Torres AM, Avila CM, Cruz-Izquierdo S, Oliver RP (2008) Construction of a comparative genetic map in faba bean (Vicia faba L.); conservation of genome structure with Lens culinaris. BMC Genomics 9:380–391

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gong YM, Xu SC, Mao WH, Hu QZ, Zhang GW, Ding J, Li ZY (2010) Generation and characterization of 11 novel EST derived microsatellites from Vicia faba (Fabaceae). Am J Bot 97:69–71

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gong YM, Xu SH, Mao WH, Li ZY, Hu QZ, Zhang GW, Ding J (2011) Genetic diversity analysis of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) based on EST-SSR markers. Agric Sci China 10:838–844

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gower JC (1971) A general coefficient of similarity and some of its properties. Biometrics 27:857–874

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gresta F, Avola G, Albertini E, Raggi L, Abbate V (2010) A study of variability in the Sicilian faba bean landrace ‘Larga di Leonforte’. Genet Resour Crop Evol 57:523–531

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hwang TY, Nakamoto Y, Kono I, Enoki H, Funatsuki H, Kitamura K, Ishimoto M (2008) Genetic diversity of cultivated and wild soybean including Japanese elite cultivars as revealed by length polymorphism of SSR markers. Breed Sci 58:315–323

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR) (1985) Faba bean descriptors. IBPGR, Rome (31 pp)

  • Keneni G, Bekele E, Imtiaz M, Dagne K, Getu E, Assefia F (2012) Genetic diversity and population structure of Ethiopian chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) germplasm accessions from different geographical origins as revealed by microsatellite markers. Plant Mol Biol Rep 30:654–665

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kharrat M, Ben Saleh H, Halila HM (1991) Faba bean status and prospects in Tunisia. CIHEAM Options Mediterr 10:169–172

    Google Scholar 

  • Kovach WL (2007) MVSP - A MultiVariate Statistical Package for Windows, ver. 3.1. Kovach Computing Services, Pentraeth, Wales, U.K

  • Kwon SJ, Hu J, Coyne CJ (2010) Genetic diversity and relationship among faba bean (Vicia faba L.) germplasm entries as revealed by TRAP markers. Plant Genet Resour Characterization Util 8:204–213

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li Z, Wang X, Zhang Y, Zhang G, Wu L, Chi J, Ma Z (2008) Assessment of genetic diversity in glandless cotton germplasm resources by using agronomic traits and molecular markers. Front Agric China 2:245–252

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Link W, Dixkens C, Singh M, Schwall M (1995) Genetic diversity in European and Mediterranean faba bean germplasm revealed by RAPD markers. Theor Appl Genet 90:27–32

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Y, Hou W (2010) Genetic diversity of faba bean germplasms in qinghai and core germplasm identified based on AFLP analysis. Legume Genomics Genet 1:1–6

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ma Y, Yang T, Guan J, Wang S, Wang H, Sun X, Zong X (2011) Developpment and characterization of 21 EST-derived microsatellite markers in Vicia faba (faba bean). Am J Bot 98:22–24

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McClean PE, Terpstra J, McConnell M, White C, Lee R, Mamidi S (2012) Population structure and genetic differentiation among the USDA common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) core collection. Genet Resour Crop Evol 59:499–515

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mejri S, Mabrouk Y, Voisin M, Delavault P, Simier P, Saidi M, Belhadj O (2012) Variation in quantitative characters of faba bean after seed irradiation and associated molecular changes. Afr J Biotechnol 11:8383–8390

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mir RR, Kumar J, Balyan HS, Gupta PK (2012) A study of genetic diversity among Indian bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars released during last 100 years. Genet Resour Crop Evol 59:717–726

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mustafa AZMA (2007) Genetic variation among Egyptian cultivars of Vicia faba L. Pak J Biol Sci 10:4204–4210

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nei M (1972) genetic distance between populations. Am Nat 106:283–291

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nei M, Li WH (1979) mathematical model for studying genetic variation in terms of restriction endonucleases. Proc Natl Acad Soc USA 76:5269–5273

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ouji A, El Bok S, Syed NH, Abdellaoui R, Rouaissi M, Flavell AJ, El Gazzah M (2012) Genetic diversity of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) populations revealed by sequence specific amplified polymorphism (SSAP) markers. Afr J Biotechnol 11:2162–2168

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peakall R, Smouse PE (2006) GENALEX 6: genetic analysis in Excel, population genetic software for teaching and research. Mol Ecol Notes 6:288–295

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perrino P, Robertson LD, Silh MB (1991) Maintenance, evaluation and use of faba bean germplasm collections: problems and prospects. CIHEAM Options Méditerr 10:21–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Polignano GB, Alba E, Ugentil P, Scippa G (1999) Geographical patterns of variation in bari faba bean germplasm collection. Genet Res Crop Evol 46:183–192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Przybylska J, Zimniak-Przybylska Z, Krajewski P (1998) Isoenzyme variation in the wild relatives of Vicia faba (Fabaceae). Plant Syst Evol 213:173–186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roy A, Bal SS, Fergany M, Kaur S, Singh H, Malik AA, Singh J, Monforte AJ, Dhillon NPS (2012) Wild melon diversity in India (Punjab State). Genet Resour Crop Evol 59:755–767

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salem KFM, El-Zanaty AM, Esmail RM (2008) Assessing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genetic diversity using morphological characters and microsatellite markers. Word J Agric Sci 5:538–544

    Google Scholar 

  • Sardos J, Noyer JL, Malapa R, Bouchet S, Lebot V (2012) Genetic diversity of taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) in Vanuatu (Oceania): an appraisal of the distribution of allelic diversity (DAD) with SSR markers. Genet Resour Crop Evol 59:805–820

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith JSC, Chin ECL, Shu H, Smith OS, Wall SJ et al (1997) An evaluation of the utility of SSR loci as molecular markers in maize (Zea mays L.): comparisons with data from RFLPs and pedigree. Theor Appl Genet 95:163–173

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stoddard FL, Kohpina S, Knight R (1999) Variability of Ascochyta fabae in South Australia. Aust J Agr Res 50:1475–1481

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suresh S, Park JH, Cho GT, Lee HS, Baek HJ, Lee SY, Chung JW (2013) Development and molecular characterization of 55 novel polymorphic cDNA-SSR markers in faba bean (vicia faba L.) using 454 pyrosequencing. Molecules 18:1844–1856

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tams SH, Bauer E, Oettler G, Melchinger AE (2004) Genetic diversity in European winter triticale determined with SSR markers and coancestry coefficient. Theor Appl Genet 108:1385–1391

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanno K, Willcox G (2006) The origins of cultivation of Cicer arietinum L. and Vicia faba L.: early finds from Tell el-Kerkh, north-west Syria, late10th millennium B.P. Veget Hist Archaeobot 15:197–204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Terzopoulos PJ, Kaltsikes PJ, Bebeli PJ (2003) Collection, evaluation and classification of Greek population of faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Genet Res Crop Evol 50:373–381

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Terzopoulos PJ, Kaltsikes PJ, Bebeli PJ (2004) Characterization of Greek populations of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and their evaluation using a new parameter. Genet Res Crop Evol 51:655–662

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Terzopoulos PJ, Bebeli PJ (2008) Genetic diversity analysis of Mediterranean faba bean (Vicia faba L.) with ISSR markers. Field Crop Res 108:39–44

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van de Ven M, Powell W, Ramsay G, Waugh R (1990) Restriction fragment length polymorphisms as genetic markers in Vicia. Heredity 65:329–342

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waly EA, Farghali MA, Abbas HS, Mosselhy DS (2012) Identification of the genetic differences between some faba bean genotypes by finger print characters. J Appl Sci Res 8:17–24

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang KJ, Li XH (2012) Genetic diversity and geographical peculiarity of Tibetan wild soybean (Glycine soja). Genet Resour Crop Evol 59:479–490

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yahia Y, Guetat A, Elfalleh W, Ferchichi A, Yahia H, Loumerm M (2012) Analysis of agromorphological diversity of southern Tunisia faba bean (Vicia faba L.) germplasm. Afr J Biotechnol 11(56):11913–11924

    Google Scholar 

  • Zied M, Schon CC, Link W (2003) Genetic diversity in recent elite faba bean lines using AFLP markers. Theor Appl Genet 107:1304–1314

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zeid M, Mitchell S, Link W, Carter M, Nawar A, Fulton T, Kresovich S (2009) Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in faba bean: new loci from Orobanche-resistant cultivar ‘Giza 402’. Plant Breed 128:149–155

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ghassen Abid.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Abid, G., Mingeot, D., Udupa, S.M. et al. Genetic Relationship and Diversity Analysis of Faba Bean (Vicia Faba L. var. Minor) Genetic Resources Using Morphological and Microsatellite Molecular Markers. Plant Mol Biol Rep 33, 1755–1767 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11105-015-0871-0

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11105-015-0871-0

Keywords

Navigation