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Plant and soil responses to grazing intensity drive changes in the soil microbiome in a desert steppe

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Abstract

Background and aims

Grazing pressure can degrade environmental quality and disrupt ecosystem structure and functions, while its potential effect on the soil microbiome is unclear.

Method

We evaluated the effects of grazing intensity (CK: no grazing, LG: light grazing, MG: moderate grazing, HG: heavy grazing, and OG: overgrazing) on soil microbial diversity and community composition in a desert steppe.

Results

Different microbial communities were found under different grazing intensities, resulting from differences in soil moisture, nutrients and plant species. Alpha-diversity in the bacterial community was strongly correlated with soil organic content (SOC) and soil water content, while the alpha-diversity of the fungi depended on the SOC and pH of the soil. Grazing treatments LG, HG and OG caused strong shifts in bacterial and fungal community composition. Heavy grazing (HG and OG) significantly increased the relative abundances of Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes, and Firmicutes bacteria, while light grazing (LG) significantly decreased the relative abundance of Actinobacteria. Grazing intensities HG and OG increased the relative abundances of certain fungi (e.g., Ascomycota). Co-occurrence network analysis indicated that bacterial communities had a more complex network than fungal communities. A multivariate regression tree demonstrated that the bacterial community responded to grazing via changes in the biomass of perennial plant species and SOC, whereas the SOC and pH value altered the fungal community composition.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that different grazing intensities can initiate different changes in the soil microbiome; sustainable grazing intensity over decades facilitates the recovery of primary productivity and ecosystem functions in a desert steppe.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Jianjun Chen for help with setting up the experiment and collecting the soil samples. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42077054 and 32071681) and the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund (1610332020019, 1610332020005). This work was also supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia, China (2019MS03003), the Applied Technology Research and Development Fund of Inner Mongolia (2021GG0088, 2020GG0113), and the Science and Technology Development Center Project (KJZXYZ202001).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, 010010, China

    Zhen Wang, Shenyi Jiang, Hai Wang, Ke Jin, Riliga Wu, Risu Na, Huabing Mu & Na Ta

  2. Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology and Restoration, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, 010010, China

    Zhen Wang

  3. Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China

    Shenyi Jiang

  4. Department of Plant Sciences, Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands

    Paul C. Struik

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  1. Zhen Wang
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Correspondence to Na Ta.

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Wang, Z., Jiang, S., Struik, P.C. et al. Plant and soil responses to grazing intensity drive changes in the soil microbiome in a desert steppe. Plant Soil 491, 219–237 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-022-05409-1

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