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The maize mycorrhizosphere as a source for isolation of arbuscular mycorrhizae-compatible phosphate rock-solubilizing bacteria

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Abstract

Aims

Phosphate chemical fertilizers are costly and raise concerns about environmental pollution through industrial production. The use of phosphate rock (PRs) emerges as a more sustainable alternative for agriculture. The aim of this work was to isolate phosphate rock-solubilizing bacteria (PRSB) from maize mycorrhizosphere, having growth promoting traits and that will be arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF) compatible.

Methods

Bacteria were isolated from the mycorrhizosphere of maize and tested for rock phosphate solubilization, production of organic acids, phosphatases and phytase activities, and growth promotion traits. The capacity of some strains to enhance the dry weight of maize plants was determined in a growth chamber experiment. The compatibility of the selected strains with Rhizophagus irregularis under in vitro conditions was also tested.

Results

Out of 118 isolates from maize, eight belonging to Asaia lannaensis, Rahnella sp., Pantoea sp., and Pseudomonas sp. were found to be the best PRSB. On solid media, all strains mobilized P from tricalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and PRs. A. lannaensis was the only PRSB showing visible solubilization of AlPO4 and FePO4. All the PRSBs solubilized PR by producing D-gluconic acid and 2-ketogluconic acid and by lowering the pH. Most strains presented IAA and siderophore production and different biofilm formation and motility capacities. All strains improved the dry weight of maize seedlings compared with non-inoculated plants. The results proved that PRSBs were able to grow on R. irregularis hyphae as the sole in vitro C source.

Conclusions

Bacteria isolated from the mycorrhizosphere of maize shows effective solubilization of phosphorus from PR with different reactivity levels. The traits of these bacteria as growth promoters and their biocompatibility with AMF show their potential as inoculants. Improvement of the agronomic effectiveness of PRs is relevant for developing countries that use PRs directly as P-fertilizers (less expensive than soluble P-fertilizers) for sustainable agriculture.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada for the funding and the technical support. At the Centre of Recherché en Horticulture (CHR), Université Laval, we thank Dr. Martin Trepanier and Marie-Pierre Lammy for the support in statistical analysis, and Dr. Patrice Dion, M.Sc. Marie-Claude Julien, Dr. Henri Fankem, Dr. Antoine Dionne and Robert Kawa for general advice of the work. At CIBNOR, we thank Manuel Moreno for his valuable help on preparing the figures and Dr. Blanca Romero López for helping with the edition of sequences.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Microbiology Group, The Northwestern Center for Biological Research (CIBNOR), Av. IPN 195, 23096, La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico

    Paola Magallon-Servín, Yoav Bashan & Luz de-Bashan

  2. The Bashan Institute of Science, Auburn, AL, USA

    Paola Magallon-Servín, Yoav Bashan & Luz de-Bashan

  3. Centre de Recherche en Innovation sur les Végétaux and Département des Sols et de Génie Agroalimentaire, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada

    Paola Magallon-Servín, Hani Antoun & Salma Taktek

  4. Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA

    Yoav Bashan & Luz de-Bashan

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  1. Paola Magallon-Servín
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  2. Hani Antoun
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  3. Salma Taktek
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Correspondence to Luz de-Bashan.

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Responsible Editor: Jerri Edson Zilli.

This study is dedicated to the memory of the Prof. Yoav Bashan (1951–2018) founder of the Environmental Microbiology Group at CIBNOR and the Bashan Institute of Science, pioneer in the use of PGPB for environmental purposes, and significant contributor to the study of plant-microorganism interactions in arid environments and mangroves. Prof. Bashan passed away during the edition of the manuscript.

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Magallon-Servín, P., Antoun, H., Taktek, S. et al. The maize mycorrhizosphere as a source for isolation of arbuscular mycorrhizae-compatible phosphate rock-solubilizing bacteria. Plant Soil 451, 169–186 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-04226-3

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