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Mining for genes encoding proteins associated with NopL of Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 using quantitative trait loci in soybean (Glycine max Merr.) recombinant inbred lines

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Abstract

Background and aims

In rhizobia, host specificity is controlled by the nodulation outer proteins (Nops). However, the host genes encoding proteins associated with Nops remain unknown.

Methods

We constructed a Sinorhizobium fredii HH103ΩnopL mutant and analyzed the nodule number (NN) and nodule dry weight (NDW) of 10 germplasms inoculated with the mutant or wild-type strain. Using recombinant inbred lines (RILs), the conditional and unconditional quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with NopL were detected. The regions overlapping conditional and unconditional QTLs were identified. Additionally, the expression levels of selected candidate genes were analyzed by qRT-PCR.

Results

Depending on the germplasm, NopL positively or negatively affected NN and NDW. The NN and NDW of ‘Charleston’ and ‘Dongnong 594’ (RIL parents) were lower in samples inoculated with Sinorhizobium fredii HH103ΩnopL than in samples inoculated with the wild-type strain. In soybean inoculated independently with Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 and HH103ΩnopL, 11 and 5 unconditional QTLs were identified for NN and NDW, respectively, while five and two conditional QTLs were identified for NN and NDW, respectively. Two overlapping QTLs were identified among the conditional and unconditional QTLs. Furthermore, the enzymes encoded by Glyma.13g170500 and Glyma.07g099700 likely interacted with NopL.

Conclusions

The Glyma.13g170500 and Glyma.07g099700 detected at QTLs represent candidate genes that encode enzymes that interact with NopL to regulate the establishment of symbiotic relationships between rhizobia and soybean.

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Acknowledgments

Financial support was received from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant numbers: 31400074, 31471516, 31271747, and 30971809), the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China (Grant number: ZD201213), the Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant number: LBH-Q16014), the Harbin Science Technology Project (Grant numbers: 2013RFQXJ005 and 2014RFXXJ012), the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China Project (Grant number: 2017YFE0111000), the National Key R & D Program of China (Grant numbers: 2016YFD0100500, 2016YFD0100300, and 2016YFD0100201-21), and the Foundation for University Key Teachers from the Education Department of Heilongjiang Province in China (Grant number: 1254G011). University Project of Young Scientist (UNPYSCT-2015011). We thank Lesley Benyon, PhD, from Liwen Bianji, Edanz Group China (www.liwenbianji.cn/ac), for editing the English text of a draft of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding/Genetics of Chinese Agriculture Ministry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China

    Yanjiao Zhang, Xueying Liu, Lin Chen, Ying Fu, Changyu Li, Zhaoming Qi, Jianan Zou, Rongsheng Zhu, Shuping Li, Wei Wei, Jinhui Wang, Huilin Chang, Yan Shi, Jieqi Wang, Qingying Li, Jingyi Zhu, Jianyi Li, Hongwei Jiang, Xiaoxia Wu, Cunguang Jia, Zhengong Yin, Zhenbang Hu, Chunyan Liu, Qingshan Chen & Dawei Xin

  2. State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China

    Ying Fu

  3. Suihua Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suihua, China

    Huilin Chang & Zhengong Yin

  4. Crop Breeding Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China

    Huilin Chang & Zhengong Yin

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  1. Yanjiao Zhang
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  2. Xueying Liu
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Contributions

DX, QC, and CL conceived the study, and designed and managed the experiments. HJ, ZQ, ZH, JW, and JZ provided plant lines. YZ, XL, CL, WW, JW, YS, JW, QL, JZ, LC, JL, and HC completed experiments and collected data. RZ and YZ completed statistical analyses of phenotypic data and wrote the manuscript. DX, QC, CL, HJ, ZQ, and ZH helped write the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Chunyan Liu, Qingshan Chen or Dawei Xin.

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Responsible Editor: Ulrike Mathesius.

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Zhang, Y., Liu, X., Chen, L. et al. Mining for genes encoding proteins associated with NopL of Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 using quantitative trait loci in soybean (Glycine max Merr.) recombinant inbred lines. Plant Soil 431, 245–255 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-018-3745-z

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