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Plant maintenance and environmental stress. Summarising the effects of contrasting elevation, soil, and latitude on Quercus ilex respiration rates

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Abstract

Background and aims

Determining the increase in maintenance respiration in response to stress is critical for understanding the cost of adaptation, in terms of expenditure of assimilated carbon. Here, we ask how maintenance costs vary for populations native to contrasting habitats and whether maintenance cost remains constitutive or induced in response to stress.

Methods

Two populations of Quercus ilex were selected in southern Iberian Peninsula, one growing close to the altitudinal limit and the other growing at mean elevations for the species. Maintenance respiration, growth, and structural variables were measured in leaves and fine roots. We modelled the results found here and those published for populations native to stressed (both soil and latitudinal) habitats.

Results

The maintenance respiration measured at 20 °C was higher in expanding (90 %) and in mature (35 %) leaves and in roots (78 %) of individuals growing at higher elevations. Furthermore, our meta-analysis supports that the cost of organ maintenance is higher in stressed habitats, irrespective of the stress factor.

Conclusions

As regards the whole plant metabolic design, Q. ilex seems to combine high phenotypic plasticity according to current growth conditions, and high adaptive capacity for local differentiation in response to average stress conditions in the provenance habitat.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (project CGL2010.19824: ENCINAS) and European Union project (project FEDER 0087 TRANSHABITAT). A.G.N. acknowledges a PhD grant from Spanish Ministry of Education. Special thanks to Dr. de Kok for his help with thiols concentration analysis. For laboratory assistance, we thank Jesus Rodríguez, as well as Rafael Espinar and Daniel Vázquez for their contribution in field and lab work. We are grateful to the Laboratorio de la Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación (Trigueros, Huelva) (Junta de Andalucía) for the soil analysis, to Dr. Xavier Niell for his help with nitrogen analysis, to Hedwig Schwarzer from The Red de Jardines Botánicos y Micología en Espacios Naturales (Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación del Territorio, Junta de Andalucía) for her valuable help with the site locations and to Dr. Rafael Villar for a critical examination of the manuscript. We also thank the Editor and three anonymous referees that helped to improve the final manuscript.

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  1. Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, University Pablo Olavide, Carretera de Utrera, Km 1, 41013, Seville, Spain

    Raquel G. Laureano, Ana García-Nogales, José I. Seco, Juan C. Linares, Feliciano Martínez & José Merino

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  1. Raquel G. Laureano
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  2. Ana García-Nogales
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Correspondence to José Merino.

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Laureano, R.G., García-Nogales, A., Seco, J.I. et al. Plant maintenance and environmental stress. Summarising the effects of contrasting elevation, soil, and latitude on Quercus ilex respiration rates. Plant Soil 409, 389–403 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-016-2970-6

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