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Phytoremediation of soil co-contaminated with heavy metals and deca-BDE by co-planting of Sedum alfredii with tall fescue associated with Bacillus cereus JP12

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Abstract

Aim

The objective of this study was to develop a remediation strategy for soil co-contaminated with decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) and heavy metals (Cd, Pb and Zn) using co-plantation of the hyperaccumulator plant (Sedum alfredii) with tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceae) associated with a BDE degrader (Bacillus cereus strain JP12).

Methods

A 120-day remediation experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions. S. alfredii and tall fescue were grown in monoculture and intercropped in artificially contaminated soil. Plant biomass, concentration of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, density of soil bacteria, soil enzyme activity, and the physiological profile of the soil microbial community were determined.

Results and discussion

Inoculation with JP12 significantly increased BDE-209 dissipation in soil. Phytoextraction of metals was also enhanced by JP12 inoculation due to the improved plant growth. Planting of tall fescue significantly enhanced BDE-209 dissipation as compared to that in the bare soil because of the increased soil microbial activity. Tall fescue showed higher Pb phytoextraction efficiency than S. alfredii, but Pb was principally retained in the roots of tall fescue. BDE-209 dissipation and metal phytoextraction were highest when co-planting S. alfredii with tall fescue inoculated with strain JP12. Pyrosequencing analysis revealed that the inoculated JP12 could functionally adapt to the introduced soil, against competition with indigenous microorganisms in soil.

Conclusions

Co-planting of S. alfredii with tall fescue combined with BDE-degrading bacterial strain JP12 is promising for remediation of soil co-contaminated with BDE-209 and metals.

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Acknowledgments

This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41102231, No. 41172333), and the Science & Technology Plan Projects of Education Department of Jiangxi Province (No. GJJ13631).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China

    Mang Lu & Zhong-Zhi Zhang

  2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute, Jingdezhen, 333403, Jiangxi, China

    Mang Lu

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  1. Mang Lu
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  2. Zhong-Zhi Zhang
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Correspondence to Zhong-Zhi Zhang.

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Responsible Editor: Juan Barcelo.

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Lu, M., Zhang, ZZ. Phytoremediation of soil co-contaminated with heavy metals and deca-BDE by co-planting of Sedum alfredii with tall fescue associated with Bacillus cereus JP12. Plant Soil 382, 89–102 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2147-0

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