Abstract
Background and aims
Many plant growth-promoting endophytes (PGPE) possessing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity can reduce the level of stress ethylene and assist their host plants cope with various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, information about the endophytic bacteria colonizing in the coastal halophytes is still very scarce. This study aims at isolating efficient ACC deaminase-producing plant growth-promoting (PGP) bacterial strains from the inner tissues of a traditional Chinese folk medicine Limonium sinense (Girard) Kuntze, a halophyte which has high economic and medicinal values grown in the coastal saline soils. Their PGP activity and effects on host seed germination and seedling growth under salinity stress were also evaluated.
Methods
A total of 126 isolates were obtained from the surface sterilized roots, stems and leaves of L. sinense (Girard) Kuntze. They were initially selected for their ability to produce ACC deaminase as well as other PGP properties such as production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), N2-fixation, and phosphate-solubilizing activities and subsequently identified by the 16S rRNA gene sequencing. For selected strains, seed germination, seedling growth, and flavonoids production in axenically growth L. sinense (Girard) Kuntze seedlings at different NaCl concentrations (0–500 mM) were quantified.
Results
Thirteen isolates possessing ACC deaminase activity were obtained. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis showed them to belong to eight genera: Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Serratia, Arthrobacter, Streptomyces, Isoptericola, and Microbacterium. Inoculation with four of the selected ACC deaminase-producing strains not only stimulated the growth of the host plant but also influenced the flavonoids accumulation. All four strains could colonize and can be re-isolated from the host plant interior tissues.
Conclusions
These results demonstrate that ACC deaminase-producing habitat-adapted symbiotic bacteria isolated from halophyte could enhance plant growth under saline stress conditions and the PGPE strains could be appropriate as bioinoculants to enhance soil fertility and protect the plants against salt stress.
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Acknowledgments
This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (no.31000005, 31370062), the Program of Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China (11KJD210002), the project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD), and the opening project of the State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.SKLMR-20130601). We are grateful to the anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript.
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Responsible Editor: Katharina Pawlowski.
Sheng Qin and Yue-Ji Zhang contributed equally to this work.
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Supplementary Fig. 1
Original morphological characteristics (left) and re-isolation of strains (right) from inoculated L. sinense seedlings. a Re-isolation of strain KLBMP 4941, b re-isolation of strain KLBMP 4942, c re-isolation of strain KLBMP 5084, d re-isolation of strain KLBMP 5180 (DOC 6450 kb)
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Qin, S., Zhang, YJ., Yuan, B. et al. Isolation of ACC deaminase-producing habitat-adapted symbiotic bacteria associated with halophyte Limonium sinense (Girard) Kuntze and evaluating their plant growth-promoting activity under salt stress. Plant Soil 374, 753–766 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-013-1918-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-013-1918-3