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Root hairs: development, growth and evolution at the plant-soil interface

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Abstract

Root hairs are tip-growing extensions from root epidermal cells that play important roles in nutrient uptake and in plant-soil interactions. In this review, we discuss the major environmental, physiological and genetic factors that regulate the differentiation and growth of root hairs in angiosperms. Root hair cells are arranged in a number of different patterns in the root epidermis of different species. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana L.), a striped pattern of hair and non-hair files is generated by an intercellular gene regulatory network that involves feedback loops and protein movement between neighbouring cells. The growth of root hairs can be broadly divided into an initiation phase, where site selection and bulge formation take place, and an elongation phase. The initiation phase is regulated by different transcription factors, GTPases and cell wall modification enzymes. During the elongation phase root hairs grow by tip growth, a type of polarised cell expansion that is restricted to the growing apex. Root hair elongation is characterized by a strong polarisation of the cytoskeleton, active cell wall modifications and dynamic ion movements. Finally, we discuss the functional and genetic similarities between the root hairs of angiosperms and the rhizoids of bryophytes and ferns.

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Acknowledgements

Our research in this area is funded by the European Research Council Advanced Grant program (EVO500), European Union Research Training Network (PLANTORIGINS), a responsive mode grant from the Biotechnology and Biology Research Council, a European Molecular Biology Organisation long term fellowship (SD), a European Union Marie Curie Mobility fellowship (SD), the Clarendon Fund of Oxford University (TT), Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal) (NDP), and the Ministerio de Education y Ciencia (MP). All of these funding sources are gratefully acknowledged.

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  1. Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK

    Sourav Datta, Chul Min Kim, Monica Pernas, Nuno D. Pires, Hélène Proust, Thomas Tam, Priya Vijayakumar & Liam Dolan

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  1. Sourav Datta
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  2. Chul Min Kim
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  3. Monica Pernas
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  4. Nuno D. Pires
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  5. Hélène Proust
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  6. Thomas Tam
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  7. Priya Vijayakumar
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  8. Liam Dolan
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Correspondence to Liam Dolan.

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Responsible Editor: Philippe Hinsinger.

Sourav Datta, Chul Min Kim, Monica Pernas, Nuno D. Pires, Hélène Proust, Thomas Tam and Priya Vijayakumar contributed equally to this review.

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Datta, S., Kim, C.M., Pernas, M. et al. Root hairs: development, growth and evolution at the plant-soil interface. Plant Soil 346, 1–14 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-011-0845-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-011-0845-4

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