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Metabolons in plant primary and secondary metabolism

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Abstract

Metabolons are multi-enzyme protein complexes composed of enzymes catalyzing sequential reactions in a metabolic pathway. Metabolons mediate substrate channeling between the enzyme catalytic cores to enhance the pathway reactions, to achieve containment of reactive intermediates, and to prevent access of competing enzymes to the intermediates. These provide unique advantages in metabolic regulation. The discovery of plant metabolons has been accelerated by the recent technical developments and a considerable number of metabolons involved in both primary and secondary metabolism have been indicated in the last decade. These findings related with plant metabolons are comprehensively reviewed in this review, indicating metabolome-wide engagement of metabolons. However, there are still unexplored frontiers remaining for further discovery of metabolons in plant metabolism. Pathways with high potential of novel metabolon and technical issues to be solved for the future discovery will also be discussed.

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Abbreviations

TCA:

Tricarboxylic acid

F16BP:

Fructose-1,6-bisposphate

F6P:

Fructose-6-phosphate

DHAP:

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate

VDAC:

Voltage dependent anion channel

GAPDH:

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

PEPC:

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase

AP-MS:

Affinity purification mass spectrometry

MDH:

Malate dehydrogenase

IDH:

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

SDH:

Succinate dehydrogenase

CS:

Citrate synthase

SBE:

Starch branching enzyme

Pho:

Starch phosphorylase

SS:

Starch synthase

DBE:

Starch debranching enzyme

DPE:

Disproportionating enzyme

IAA:

Indole-3-acetic acid

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

SMALP:

Styrene maleic acid lipid particle

FLIM:

Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy

FRET:

Fluorescent resonance energy transfer

PAL:

Phenylalanine ammonia lyase

C4H:

Cinnamate 4-hydroxylase

CHS:

Chalcone synthase

CHI:

Chalcone isomerase

F3H:

Flavanone 3-hydroxylase

DFR:

Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase

ANS:

Anthocyanidin synthase

FLS:

Flavonol synthase

F3′H:

Flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase

C4′GT:

Chalcone 4′-glucosyltransferase

FNS:

Flavone synthase

LAR:

Leucoanthocyanidin reductase

IFS:

Isoflavone synthase

ADT:

Arogenate dehydratase

CHR:

Chalcone reductase

HCT:

Hydroxycinnamoyl transferase

C3′H:

p-Coumaroyl shikimate 3′-hydroxylase

CCoAOMT:

Caffeoyl CoA O-methyltransferase

COMT:

Caffeic acid O-methyltransferase

F5H:

Ferulate 5-hydroxylase

CAD:

Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase

CCR:

Cinnamoyl CoA reductase

4CL:

4-Coumaroyl-CoA ligase

MSBP:

Membrane steroid-binding protein

PT:

Prenyltransferase

CHIL:

Chalcone isomerase like

GGPP:

Geranylgeranyl diphosphate

GGPS:

Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase

PSY:

Phytoene synthase

BiFC:

Bimolecular fluorescent complementation

ACOS5:

Acetyl-CoA synthetase

PKS:

Polyketide synthase

TKPR:

Tetraketide α-pyrone reductase

OPPP:

Oxidative pentose phosphate pathway

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by National Science Foundation CAREER Award (Award # 1845451) and University of Nebraska-Lincoln Faculty Startup Grant to T.O.

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Correspondence to Toshihiro Obata.

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Obata, T. Metabolons in plant primary and secondary metabolism. Phytochem Rev 18, 1483–1507 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-019-09619-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-019-09619-x

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