Abstract
Metabolons are multi-enzyme protein complexes composed of enzymes catalyzing sequential reactions in a metabolic pathway. Metabolons mediate substrate channeling between the enzyme catalytic cores to enhance the pathway reactions, to achieve containment of reactive intermediates, and to prevent access of competing enzymes to the intermediates. These provide unique advantages in metabolic regulation. The discovery of plant metabolons has been accelerated by the recent technical developments and a considerable number of metabolons involved in both primary and secondary metabolism have been indicated in the last decade. These findings related with plant metabolons are comprehensively reviewed in this review, indicating metabolome-wide engagement of metabolons. However, there are still unexplored frontiers remaining for further discovery of metabolons in plant metabolism. Pathways with high potential of novel metabolon and technical issues to be solved for the future discovery will also be discussed.
Abbreviations
- TCA:
-
Tricarboxylic acid
- F16BP:
-
Fructose-1,6-bisposphate
- F6P:
-
Fructose-6-phosphate
- DHAP:
-
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
- VDAC:
-
Voltage dependent anion channel
- GAPDH:
-
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- PEPC:
-
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase
- AP-MS:
-
Affinity purification mass spectrometry
- MDH:
-
Malate dehydrogenase
- IDH:
-
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
- SDH:
-
Succinate dehydrogenase
- CS:
-
Citrate synthase
- SBE:
-
Starch branching enzyme
- Pho:
-
Starch phosphorylase
- SS:
-
Starch synthase
- DBE:
-
Starch debranching enzyme
- DPE:
-
Disproportionating enzyme
- IAA:
-
Indole-3-acetic acid
- ER:
-
Endoplasmic reticulum
- SMALP:
-
Styrene maleic acid lipid particle
- FLIM:
-
Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy
- FRET:
-
Fluorescent resonance energy transfer
- PAL:
-
Phenylalanine ammonia lyase
- C4H:
-
Cinnamate 4-hydroxylase
- CHS:
-
Chalcone synthase
- CHI:
-
Chalcone isomerase
- F3H:
-
Flavanone 3-hydroxylase
- DFR:
-
Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase
- ANS:
-
Anthocyanidin synthase
- FLS:
-
Flavonol synthase
- F3′H:
-
Flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase
- C4′GT:
-
Chalcone 4′-glucosyltransferase
- FNS:
-
Flavone synthase
- LAR:
-
Leucoanthocyanidin reductase
- IFS:
-
Isoflavone synthase
- ADT:
-
Arogenate dehydratase
- CHR:
-
Chalcone reductase
- HCT:
-
Hydroxycinnamoyl transferase
- C3′H:
-
p-Coumaroyl shikimate 3′-hydroxylase
- CCoAOMT:
-
Caffeoyl CoA O-methyltransferase
- COMT:
-
Caffeic acid O-methyltransferase
- F5H:
-
Ferulate 5-hydroxylase
- CAD:
-
Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase
- CCR:
-
Cinnamoyl CoA reductase
- 4CL:
-
4-Coumaroyl-CoA ligase
- MSBP:
-
Membrane steroid-binding protein
- PT:
-
Prenyltransferase
- CHIL:
-
Chalcone isomerase like
- GGPP:
-
Geranylgeranyl diphosphate
- GGPS:
-
Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase
- PSY:
-
Phytoene synthase
- BiFC:
-
Bimolecular fluorescent complementation
- ACOS5:
-
Acetyl-CoA synthetase
- PKS:
-
Polyketide synthase
- TKPR:
-
Tetraketide α-pyrone reductase
- OPPP:
-
Oxidative pentose phosphate pathway
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Acknowledgements
This study was supported by National Science Foundation CAREER Award (Award # 1845451) and University of Nebraska-Lincoln Faculty Startup Grant to T.O.
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Obata, T. Metabolons in plant primary and secondary metabolism. Phytochem Rev 18, 1483–1507 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-019-09619-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-019-09619-x