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Anthropogenic sinkholes of the city of Naples, Italy: an update

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Abstract

In recent years, the study of anthropogenic sinkholes in densely urbanized areas has attracted the attention of both researchers and land management entities. The city of Naples (Italy) has been frequently affected by processes generating such landforms in the last decades: for this reason, an update of the sinkhole inventory and a preliminary susceptibility estimation are proposed in this work. Starting from previous data, not modified since 2010, a total of 270 new events occurred in the period February 2010–June 2021 were collected through the examination of online newspapers, local daily reports, council chronicle news and field surveys. The final consistence of the updated inventory is of 458 events occurred between 1880 and 2021, distributed through time with an increasing trend in frequency. Spatial analysis of sinkholes indicates a concentration in the central sector of the city, corresponding to its ancient and historic centre, crossed by a dense network of underground tunnels and cavities. Cavity-roof collapse is confirmed as one of the potential genetic types, along with processes related to rainfall events and service lines damage. A clear correlation between monthly rainfall and the number of triggered sinkholes was identified. Finally, a preliminary sinkhole susceptibility assessment, carried out by Frequency Ratio method, confirms the central sector of city as that most susceptible to sinkholes and emphasizes the predisposing role of service lines, mostly in the outermost areas of the city.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank “Consorzio interUniversitario per la prevenzione dei Grandi Rischi (CUGRI)” for providing technological support, “Sintema Engineering srl” for Cimitero delle Fontanelle photo, the two anonymous reviewers for providing constructive reviews of the manuscript and the Editor for its editorial suggestions.

Funding

Funding was provided by the Italian Ministry for Education, University and Research (MIUR-Italy), through 2017 PRIN Project “URGENT—Urban Geology and Geohazards: Engineering geology for safer, resilieNt and smart ciTies” (Project code 2017HPJLPW_005; CUP E68D17000200001; Principal Investigator: Domenico Calcaterra).

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  1. Department of Earth, Environmental and Resource Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80126, Naples, Italy

    Rita Tufano, Luigi Guerriero, Mariagiulia Annibali Corona, Giuseppe Bausilio, Diego Di Martire & Domenico Calcaterra

  2. ISPRA, Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Rome, Italy

    Stefania Nisio

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  1. Rita Tufano
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Tufano, R., Guerriero, L., Annibali Corona, M. et al. Anthropogenic sinkholes of the city of Naples, Italy: an update. Nat Hazards 112, 2577–2608 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-022-05279-x

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