Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Neuroprotective Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Ocimum sanctum Against H2O2 Induced Neuronal Cell Damage in SH-SY5Y Cells via Its Antioxidative Defence Mechanism

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Neurochemical Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Oxidative stress mediates the cell damage in several ailments including neurodegenerative conditions. Ocimum sanctum is widely used in Indian ayurvedic medications to cure various ailments. The present study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant activity and neuroprotective effects of hydroalcoholic extract of O. sanctum (OSE) on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative challenge in SH-SY5Y human neuronal cells. The extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity against DPPH, 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical and hydroxyl radicals with IC50 values of 395 ± 16.2, 241 ± 11.5 and 188.6 ± 12.2 μg/ml respectively, which could be due to high amount of polyphenols and flavonoids. The observed data demonstrates 41.5 % cell survival with 100 μM H2O2 challenge for 24 h, which was restored to 73 % by pre-treatment with OSE for 2 h. It also decreased the lactate dehydrogenase leakage and preserved the cellular morphology. Similarly OSE inhibited lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, reactive oxygen species generation and depolarization of mitochondrial membrane. The extract restored superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme/protein levels and further downregulated HSP-70 over-expression. These findings suggest that OSE ameliorates H2O2 induced neuronal damage via its antioxidant defence mechanism and might be used to treat oxidative stress mediated neuronal disorders.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Sies H (1997) Oxidative stress: oxidants and antioxidants. Exp Physiol 82:291–295

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Halliwell B (2012) Free radicals and antioxidants: updating a personal view. Nutr Rev 70:257–265

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Jimenez-Del-Rio M, Velez-Pardo C (2012) The bad, the good, and the ugly about oxidative stress. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2012:1–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Gupta SK, Prakash J, Srivastava S (2002) Validation of traditional claim of Tulsi, Ocimum sanctum Linn. as a medicinal plant. Indian J Exp Biol 40:765–773

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Dutta D, Devi SS, Krishnamurthi K et al (2007) Modulatory effect of Ocimum sanctum leaf extract (Tulsi) on human lymphocytes against genotoxicants. Biomed Environ Sci 20:226–234

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Ahmad A, Khan MM, Raza SS et al (2012) Ocimum sanctum attenuates oxidative damage and neurological deficits following focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Neurol Sci 33:1239–1247

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Dharmani P, Kuchibhotla VK, Maurya R et al (2004) Evaluation of anti-ulcerogenic and ulcer-healing properties of Ocimum sanctum Linn. J Ethnopharmacol 93:197–206

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Shah K, Verma RJ (2012) Protection against butyl p-hydroxybenzoic acid induced oxidative stress by Ocimum sanctum extract in mice liver. Acta Pol Pharm 69:865–870

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Singh S, Majumdar DK (1999) Evaluation of the gastric antiulcer activity of fixed oil of Ocimum sanctum (Holy Basil). J Ethnopharmacol 65:13–19

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Mediratta PK, Sharma KK, Singh S (2002) Evaluation of immunomodulatory potential of Ocimum sanctum seed oil and its possible mechanism of action. J Ethnopharmacol 80:15–20

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Joshi H, Parle M (2006) Evaluation of nootropic potential of Ocimum sanctum Linn. in mice. Indian J Exp Biol 44:133–136

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Giridharan VV, Thandavarayan RA, Mani V et al (2011) Ocimum sanctum Linn. leaf extracts inhibit acetylcholinesterase and improve cognition in rats with experimentally induced dementia. J Med Food 14:912–919

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Quéré L, Wenger T, Schramm HJ (1996) Triterpenes as potential dimerization inhibitors of HIV-1 protease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 227:484–488

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Chattopadhyay D, Arunachalam G, Mandal AB et al (2002) Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity of folklore: Mallotus peltatus leaf extract. J Ethnopharmacol 82:229–237

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Ovesná Z, Kozics K, Slamenová D (2006) Protective effects of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid in leukemic cells. Mutat Res 600:131–137

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Venu Prasad MP, Khanum F (2012) Antifatigue activity of ethanolic extract of Ocimum sanctum in rats. Res J Med Plant 6:37–46

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Xie HR, Hu LS, Li GY (2010) SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line: in vitro cell model of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease. Chin Med J 123:1086–1092

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Park SE, Kim S, Sapkota K et al (2010) Neuroprotective effect of Rosmarinus officinalis extract on human dopaminergic cell line, SH-SY5Y. Cell Mol Neurobiol 30:759–767

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Kujala TS, Loponen JM, Klika KD et al (2000) Phenolic and betacyanins in red beetroot (Beta vulgaris) root: distribution and effects of cold storage on the content of total phenolics and three individual compounds. J Agric Food Chem 48:5338–5342

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Delcour J, Varebeke DJ (1985) A new colorimetric assay for flavonoids in Pilsnerbeers. J Inst Brew 91:37–40

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Blois MS (1958) Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature 181:1199–1200

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Dinis TC, Maderia VM, Almeida LM (1994) Action of phenolic derivatives (acetaminophen, salicylate, and 5-aminosalicylate) as inhibitors of membrane lipid peroxidation and as peroxyl radical scavengers. Arch Biochem Biophys 315:161–169

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Kunchandy E, Rao MNA (1990) Oxygen radical scavenging activity of curcumin. Int J Pharm 58:237–240

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Re R, Pellegrini N, Proteggente A et al (1999) Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radic Biol Med 26:1231–1237

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Bradford MM (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein–dye binding. Anal Biochem 7:248–254

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Cohen G, Dembiec D, Marcus J (1970) Measurement of catalase activity in tissue extracts. Anal Biochem 34:30–38

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K (1979) Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem 95:351–358

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Wang H, Joseph JA (1999) Quantifying cellular oxidative stress by dichlorofluorescein assay using microplate reader. Free Radic Biol Med 27:612–616

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Singh NP, McCoy MT, Tice RR et al (1988) A simple technique for quantitation of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells. Exp Cell Res 175:184–191

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Qu L, Chen H, Liu X et al (2011) Neuroprotective properties of Spanish red wine and its isolated polyphenols on astrocytes. Food Chem 128:40–48

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Martín S, González-Burgos E, Carretero ME et al (2011) Neuroprotective properties of Spanish red wine and its isolated polyphenols on astrocytes. Food Chem 128:40–48

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Skaltsa H, Tzakou O, Singh M (1999) Note Polyphenols of Ocimum sanctum from Suriname. Pharm Biol 37:92–94

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Kaul D, Shukla AR, Sikand K et al (2005) Effect of herbal polyphenols on atherogenic transcriptome. Mol Cell Biochem 278:177–184

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Esmaeili MA, Sonboli A, Noushabadi MA (2010) Antioxidant and protective properties of six Tanacetum species against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in K562 cell line: a comparative study. Food Chem 121:148–155

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Steele ML, Truong J, Govindaraghavan S et al (2012) Cytoprotective properties of traditional Chinese medicinal herbal extracts in hydrogen peroxide challenged human U373 astroglia cells. Neurochem Int Sep 11. pii: S0197-0186(12)00286-0. doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2012.08.018

  36. Choi BS, Sapkota K, Kim S et al (2010) Antioxidant activity and protective effects of Tripterygium regelii extract on hydrogen peroxide-induced injury in human dopaminergic cells, SH-SY5Y. Neurochem Res 35:1269–1280

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Kumar KH, Khanum F (2013) Hydroalcoholic extract of Cyperus rotundus ameliorates H2O2-induced human neuronal cell damage via its anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic machinery. Cell Mol Neurobiol 33:5–17

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Nikam S, Nikam P, Ahaley SK et al (2009) Oxidative stress in parkinson’s disease. Indian J Clin Biochem 24:98–101

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Mansouri MT, Farbood Y, Sameri MJ (2013) Neuroprotective effects of oral gallic acid against oxidative stress induced by 6-hydroxydopamine in rats. Food Chem 138:1028–1033

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Ramesh B, Satakopan VN (2010) Antioxidant activities of hydroalcoholic extract of Ocimum sanctum against cadmium induced toxicity in rats. Indian J Clin Biochem 25:307–310

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Ahmad A, Rasheed N, Gupta P et al (2012) Novel Ocimumoside A and B as anti-stress agents: modulation of brain monoamines and antioxidant systems in chronic unpredictable stress model in rats. Phytomedicine 19:639–647

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. LeBel CP, Ischiropoulos H, Bondy SC (1992) Evaluation of the probe 2’,7’-dichlorofluorescin as an indicator of reactive oxygen species formation and oxidative stress. Chem Res Toxicol 5:227–231

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Zhao L, Wang JL, Wang YR et al (2013) Apigenin attenuates copper-mediated β-amyloid neurotoxicity through antioxidation, mitochondrion protection and MAPK signal inactivation in an AD cell model. Brain Res 1492:33–35

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Niki E (2009) Lipid peroxidation: physiological levels and dual biological effects. Free Radic Biol Med 47:469–484

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Sanders LH, Timothy Greenamyre J (2013) Oxidative damage to macromolecules in human Parkinson disease and the rotenone model. Free Radic Biol Med pii: S0891-5849(13)00004-X. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.01.003

  46. Halder N, Joshi S, Nag TC et al (2009) Ocimum sanctum extracts attenuate hydrogen peroxide cytotoxic ultrastructural changes in human lens epithelial cells. Phytother Res 23:1734–1737

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Kumar H, Lim HW, More SV et al (2012) The role of free radicals in the aging brain and Parkinson’s disease: convergence and parallelism. Int J Mol Sci 13:10478–10504

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Baumgartner A, Kurzawa-Zegota M, Laubenthal J et al (2012) Comet-assay parameters as rapid biomarkers of exposure to dietary/environmental compounds an in vitro feasibility study on spermatozoa and lymphocytes. Mutat Res 743:25–35

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Khanna A, Shukla P, Tabassum S (2011) Role of Ocimum sanctum as a genoprotective agent on chlorpyrifos-induced genotoxicity. Toxicol Int 18:9–13

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Beere HM (2004) The stress of dying: the role of heat shock proteins in the regulation of apoptosis. J Cell Sci 117:2641–2651

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Hemanth Kumar K, Tamatam A, Pal A et al (2013) Neuroprotective effects of Cyperus rotundus on SIN-1 induced nitric oxide generation and protein nitration: ameliorative effect against apoptosis mediated neuronal cell damage. Neurotoxicology 34:150–159

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors are highly thankful to Dr. HV Batra, Director, DFRL, Mysore for constant encouragement throughout the study.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, India

    M. P. Venuprasad, Kandikattu Hemanth Kumar & Farhath Khanum

Authors
  1. M. P. Venuprasad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Kandikattu Hemanth Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Farhath Khanum
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Farhath Khanum.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Venuprasad, M.P., Hemanth Kumar, K. & Khanum, F. Neuroprotective Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Ocimum sanctum Against H2O2 Induced Neuronal Cell Damage in SH-SY5Y Cells via Its Antioxidative Defence Mechanism. Neurochem Res 38, 2190–2200 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-013-1128-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-013-1128-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation