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Optimization of nanostructured lipid carriers: understanding the types, designs, and parameters in the process of formulations

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Abstract

Lipid-based nanoparticles for drug delivery have been employed in the development of nanomedicine for various applications. One such versatile nanoparticle type is nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) that include multiple combinations of lipids and drugs for diverse routes of administrations. Optimization of NLCs to achieve ideal particle size distribution, dispersion in the aqueous environment, long-term stability, drug protection ability, and targeting features is necessary for designing improved drug formulations. However, very few studies have attempted to discuss explicitly the sequential requirements for optimization. Besides, several compositional variables can confound the design of an NLC drug formulation, making it essential for critical evaluation of factors that affect the NLC’s physicochemical properties. Therefore, this review intends to discuss the multi-step process taken during optimization and highlight the components, methods, statistical designs, trends observed between the variables, and modifications of NLCs for targeted delivery, with the objectives of improving efficiency and increasing success rates in drug delivery studies.

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Abbreviations

BBD:

Box-Behnken design

CCD:

central composite design

DLS:

dynamic light scattering

EPR:

enhanced permeation reaction

HLB:

hydrophile-lipophile balance

LCT:

long-chain triglyceride

MCT:

medium-chain triglyceride

MPS:

mononuclear phagocyte system

NLC:

nanostructured lipid carrier

PDI:

polydispersity index

PEG:

polyethylene glycol

PLGA:

poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid

PVA:

polyvinyl alcohol

RSM:

response surface methodology

TCA:

taurocholic acid

WGA:

wheat germ agglutinin

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Funding

The authors would like to thank the Center for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR) for supporting this paper through their Research University grants, RU006-2017 and TU002F-2018.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biological Sciences (Genetics and Molecular Biology), Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Bavani Subramaniam & Noor Hasima Nagoor

  2. Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1950, Houston, TX, 77096, USA

    Zahid H. Siddik

  3. Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Noor Hasima Nagoor

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  1. Bavani Subramaniam
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Subramaniam, B., Siddik, Z.H. & Nagoor, N.H. Optimization of nanostructured lipid carriers: understanding the types, designs, and parameters in the process of formulations. J Nanopart Res 22, 141 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-020-04848-0

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