Abstract
In this paper, the authors have proposed a binary watermark embedding approach for protecting the copyright ownership of the gray-scale images. The proposed watermark embedding process is realized in integer wavelet transform (IWT) domain to defend the robustness property. Instead of inserting the watermark bits directly in the coefficients of cover media, an indirect embedding mechanism is proposed with the reference to a logistic map based secret key matrix which enhance the secrecy of the proposed embedding approach. Initially, the approximate sub band of the IWT transformed cover image is selected with the intention to embed the watermark. Later, a secret key matrix of size corresponding to the approximate sub band of the cover image is formed using the logistic map with secret parameters. During the watermark embedding process, the approximate sub band is modified indirectly with reference to the secret key matrix and a proposed division table. The scheme is tested on a set of standard images and satisfactory results are achieved. In addition, the proposed schemes is also able to extract the watermark information in blind manner. Also, the scheme is comparable with some other related schemes. Finally, the proposed watermarking scheme is able to survive the watermark even after performing certain types of image manipulation attacks.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ali M, Ahn CW (2014) An optimized watermarking technique based on self-adaptive de in dwt–svd transform domain. Signal Process 94:545–556
Ali M, Ahn CW, Pant M, Siarry P (2015) An image watermarking scheme in wavelet domain with optimized compensation of singular value decomposition via artificial bee colony. Inf Sci 301:44–60
Ansari IA, Pant M, Ahn CW (2016) Robust and false positive free watermarking in iwt domain using svd and abc. Eng Appl Artif Intell 49:114–125
Arsalan M, Malik SA, Khan A (2012) Intelligent reversible watermarking in integer wavelet domain for medical images. J Syst Softw 85(4):883–894
Bohra A, Farooq O, et al. (2009) Blind self-authentication of images for robust watermarking using integer wavelet transform. AEU-Int J Electron C 63(8):703–707
Chetan KR, Nirmala S (2015) An efficient and secure robust watermarking scheme for document images using integer wavelets and block coding of binary watermarks. Journal of Information Security and Applications 24:13–24
Fazli S, M Moeini A (2016) Robust image watermarking method based on dwt, dct, and svd using a new technique for correction of main geometric attacks. Optik-International Journal for Light and Electron Optics 127(2):964–972
Furht B, Kirovski D (2004) Multimedia security handbook. CRC Press
Gunjal BL, Manthalkar RR (2010) An overview of transform domain robust digital image watermarking algorithms. Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences 2(1):37–42
Hwang M -S, Chang C -C, Hwang K -F (1999) A watermarking technique based on one-way hash functions. IEEE Trans Consum Electron 45(2):286–294
Jia S -L (2014) A novel blind color images watermarking based on svd. Optik-International Journal for Light and Electron Optics 125(12):2868–2874
Kaushik AK (2012) A novel approach for digital watermarking of an image using dft. Int JElectronComp Sci Eng 1(1):35–41
Kumsawat P, Attakitmongcol K, Srikaew A (2007) A robust image watermarking scheme using multiwavelet tree. In: World congress on engineering. Citeseer, pp 612–618
Lingamgunta S, Vakulabaranam VK, Thotakura S (2013) Reversible watermarking for image authentication using iwt. Int J Signal Process, Image Process Pattern Recog 6(1):145–156
Maity SP, Kundu MK (2002) Robust and blind spatial watermarking in digital image. In: ICVGIP
Mukherjee DP, Maitra S, Acton ST (2004) Spatial domain digital watermarking of multimedia objects for buyer authentication. IEEE Trans Multimedia 6(1):1–15
Nikolaidis N, Pitas I (1998) Robust image watermarking in the spatial domain. Signal Process 66(3):385–403
Nin J, Ricciardi S (2013) Digital watermarking techniques and security issues in the information and communication society. In: 27th international conference on advanced information networking and applications workshops (WAINA), 2013. IEEE, pp 1553–1558
Pal AK, Roy S (2016) A robust and blind image watermarking scheme in dct domain. Int J Inf Comput Secur, In Press
Parashar P, Singh R (2014) A survey: digital image watermarking techniques. Int J Signal Process Image Process Pattern Recognit 7(6):111–124
Sebé F, Domingo-Ferrer J, Herrera J (2000) Spatial-domain image watermarking robust against compression, filtering, cropping, and scaling. In: International workshop on information security. Springer, pp 44–53
Sverdlov A, Dexter S, Eskicioglu AM (2005) Robust dct-svd domain image watermarking for copyright protection: embedding data in all frequencies. In: Signal processing conference, 2005 13th European. IEEE, pp 1–4
Tao P, Eskicioglu AM (2004) A robust multiple watermarking scheme in the discrete wavelet transform domain. In: Optics east. International society for optics and photonics, pp 133–144
Thabit R, Khoo BE (2014) Robust reversible watermarking scheme using slantlet transform matrix. J Syst Softw 88:74–86
Verma VS, Jha RK, Ojha A (2015) Significant region based robust watermarking scheme in lifting wavelet transform domain. Expert Syst Appl 42(21):8184–8197
Wang C, Li X, Yang B (2010) Efficient reversible image watermarking by using dynamical prediction-error expansion. In: 2010 IEEE international conference on image processing. IEEE, pp 3673–3676
Wang Y-R, Lin W-H, Yang L (2011) An intelligent watermarking method based on particle swarm optimization. Expert Syst Appl 38(7):8024–8029
Weng S, Pan J-S (2016) Integer transform based reversible watermarking incorporating block selection. J Vis Commun Image Represent 35:25–35
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Naik, K., Trivedy, S. & Pal, A. An IWT based blind and robust image watermarking scheme using secret key matrix. Multimed Tools Appl 77, 13721–13752 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-017-4986-1
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-017-4986-1