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Genome-editing in millets: current knowledge and future perspectives

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Abstract

Millets are small seeded cereal crops predominantly cultivated and consumed by resource-poor farmers in the semi-arid tropics of Asia and Africa. Millets possess rich nutrients and a climate resilience property when compared to the other cereals such as rice and wheat. Millet improvement using modern genetic and genomic tools is falling behind other cereal crops due to their cultivation being restricted to less developed countries. Genome editing tools have been successfully applied to major cereal crops and, as a result, many key traits have been introduced into rice, wheat and maize. However, genome editing tools have not yet been used for most millets although they possess rich nutrients. The foxtail millet is the only millet utilised up to now for genome editing works. Limited genomic resources and lack of efficient transformation systems may slow down genome editing in millets. As millets possess many important traits of agricultural importance, high resolution studies with genome editing tools will help to understand the specific mechanism and transfer such traits to major cereals in the future. This review covers the current status of genome editing studies in millets and discusses the future prospects of genome editing in millets to understand key traits of nutrient fortification and develop climate resilient crops in the future.

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Acknowledgements

The author thanks Dr David Pilbeam, Visiting Research Fellow, University of Leeds for critically reading the manuscript.

Funding

The research works in our lab are funded by the Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India under Grant No: BT/PR21321/GET/119/76/2016.

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  1. Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Cochin, 683104, Kerala, India

    Antony Ceasar

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Ceasar, A. Genome-editing in millets: current knowledge and future perspectives. Mol Biol Rep 49, 773–781 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-06975-w

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