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CDKN1A (p21 gene) polymorphisms correlates with age in esophageal cancer

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Abstract

Background

CDKN1A gene encoding p21 is an important tumour supressor involved in the pathogenesis of cancers. A few studies have been devoted to the association between CDKN1A single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and esophageal cancer (EC) in China, India and Iran. The aim of this case–control study was to investigate the association of CDKN1A polymorphisms with EC risk in the Turkey population for the first time.

Methods

In the present study, CDKN1A SNPs (rs1801270 C > T, rs1059234 C > A and rs3176352 C > G) were genotyped with the use of TaqMan SNP genotyping assays in 102 patients and 119 controls.

Results

The genotypes and alleles of CDKN1A SNPs were not significantly different among patients and controls. However, TT-genotype and T-allele of the rs1059234, the rs1801270 CC-genotype and rs3176352 G-allele were significantly associated with EC risk for ≤ 55 age (p < 0.05). In those over 55 age, CC-genotype and C-allele of the rs1059234 was significantly associated with EC (p < 0.05). The rs1059234 T-carriers had a higher risk of high globulin level (p = 0.017) and low albumin/globulin ratio (p = 0.019) when compared to non-T carriers (CC). The rs3176352 CC-genotype carriers had a higher risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) subtype when compared to CG-genotype carriers and CG-genotype carriers had a higher risk of squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) subtype (OR/95% CI = 4.00/1.06–15.08, p = 0.04). The rs3176352 CC-genotype is also a risk factor for the higher BMI (p = 0.04) and the higher CA-19–9 level (p = 0.009).

Conclusion

Our study suggests that the CDKN1A polymorphisms may play an important role in EC risk in relation to age. Future studies are needed to validate our findings.

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Abbreviations

EC:

Esophageal cancer

qPCR:

Real time polymerase chain reaction

SNP:

Single nucleotide polymorphism

ESCC:

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

EAC:

Esophageal adenocarcinoma

EDTA:

Ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid

CA-19–9:

Carbohydrate antigen 19–9

CEA:

Carcinoembryogenic antigen

BMI:

Body mass index

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. Can Ates for the advice on the statistical analysis method.

Funding

This work was supported by grants from the Research Foundation of Van Yüzüncü Yıl University (BAP) (TYL-2017–6480).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey

    Zehra Kaya & Burak Mugdat Karan

  2. Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey

    Necat Almalı

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  1. Zehra Kaya
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Correspondence to Zehra Kaya.

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The study has been approved by the ethics committee of SBU Van Education and Research Hospital (2017/7).

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Kaya, Z., Karan, B.M. & Almalı, N. CDKN1A (p21 gene) polymorphisms correlates with age in esophageal cancer. Mol Biol Rep 49, 249–258 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-06865-1

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