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Unfolding antifungals: as a new foe to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma—a mini-review

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Abstract

Increased deaths caused due to pancreatic cancer (PC) is drawing much attention towards an immediate need for therapeutics that could possibly control this disease and increase the patients’ survival rate. Despite the long list of well-established chemotherapeutic drugs in several cancers none have proved to be efficient against PC, and the increasing chemoresistance to the gold standard drug gemcitabine calls a need to search for solutions in other categories of drug. To the rescue, antifungals have shown themselves to be effective against PC and can increase gemcitabine sensitivity against PC. In this mini-review, we reported how antifungals have targeted PC and helped to reduce its lethality. Additionally, it is emphasized that how the antifungals show new mechanisms that could be triggered by using either monotherapy or combination therapy of these antifungals with chemotherapeutic drugs in PC. Moreover it shows an approach of using other drugs with possible same or other mechanism to know their effect on PC.

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Data availability

All data generated or analysed during this study are included in the published article.

Abbreviations

SFN:

14-3-3 Protein sigma

5FU:

5-Fluorouracil

S100A11:

Calgizzarin

CSCs:

Cancer stem cells

CIC:

Ciclopirox olamine

KRT:

Cytokeratin type II CK8

FDA:

Food and drug administration

FOXM1:

Forkhead boxM1

GSTP:

Glutathione S transferase

GF:

Griseofulvin

GNB2L:

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein β subunit like protein

HSPA9B:

Heat shock protein 70

HSPCA:

Heat shock protein 90 alpha

HDAC:

Histone deacetylases

ITZ:

Itraconazole

MMP 1:

Matrix metalloproteinases 1

MMP 2:

Matrix metalloproteinases 2

NCBI:

National center for biotechnology information

NICD:

Notch intracellular domain

NPM:

Nucleophosmin

PC:

Pancreatic cancer

PDAC:

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

PTCH:

Patched

PRDX1:

Peroxiredoxin 1

PO:

Piroctone olamine

PDCD5:

Programmed cell death protein 5

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SMO:

Smoothened

OC18:

Stathmin

SOD1:

Superoxide dismutase

TXN:

Thioredoxin

TCTP:

Translationally controlled tumor protein

TSA:

Trichostatin A

TRAIL:

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand

SAHA:

Vorinostat

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  1. Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, 305817, Rajasthan, India

    Shruti Gupta, Atul Kumar & Kiran Kumar Tejavath

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  1. Shruti Gupta
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  2. Atul Kumar
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SG: Conceptualization, investigation, data curation, writing, original draft preparation. AK: Data curation and figure preparation. SG and KKT: Writing review, editing and supervision.

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Correspondence to Kiran Kumar Tejavath.

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Gupta, S., Kumar, A. & Tejavath, K.K. Unfolding antifungals: as a new foe to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma—a mini-review. Mol Biol Rep 48, 2945–2956 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-06318-9

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