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The effects of hybridization and genome doubling in plant evolution via allopolyploidy

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Abstract

Polyploidy is a pervasive and recurring phenomenon across the tree of life, which occurred at variable time scales, ecological amplitudes and cell types, and is especially prominent in the evolutionary histories of plants. Importantly, many of the world’s most important crops and noxious invasive weeds are recent polyploids. Polyploidy includes two major types, autopolyploidy, referring to doubling of a single species genome, and allopolyploidy referring to doubling of two or more merged genomes via biological hybridization of distinct but related species. The prevalence of both types of polyploidy implies that both genome doubling alone and doubling coupled with hybridization confer selective advantages over their diploid progenitors under specific circumstances. In cases of allopolyploidy, the two events, genome doubling and hybridization, have both advantages and disadvantages. Accumulated studies have established that, in allopolyploidy, some advantage(s) of doubling may compensate for the disadvantage(s) of hybridity and vice versa, although further study is required to validate generality of this trend. Some studies have also revealed a variety of non-Mendelian genetic and genomic consequences induced by doubling and hybridization separately or concertedly in nascent allopolyploidy; however, the significance of which to the immediate establishment and longer-term evolutionary success of allopolyploid species remain to be empirically demonstrated and ecologically investigated. This review aims to summarize recent advances in our understanding of the roles of hybridization and genome doubling, in separation and combination, in the evolution of allopolyploid genomes, as well as fruitful future research directions that are emerging from these studies.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31830006, 31570412, 31670427) and Natural Science Foundation of Changchun Normal University (2017, No. 012).

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  1. School of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China

    Tian Qiu

  2. Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China

    Tian Qiu & Bao Liu

  3. College of Computer Science and Technology, Changchun University, Changchun, 130022, China

    Zhiyuan Liu

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TQ, ZYL and BL conceived the manuscript and revised it.

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Qiu, T., Liu, Z. & Liu, B. The effects of hybridization and genome doubling in plant evolution via allopolyploidy. Mol Biol Rep 47, 5549–5558 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-020-05597-y

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