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Analysis of the DOK1 gene in breast cancer

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Abstract

Breast cancer, which is the most common type of cancer among women, is a heterogenous disease. It results from progressive accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations in different genes. The Dok1 protein has been identified as the major substrate of protein tyrosine kinases in hematopoietic cells. It is considered as a tumor suppressor due to the reports which describe its inhibitory effect on major oncogenic signaling pathways such as Mek/Erk/PI3k/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin. In this study, we investigated the mutation frequency of the DOK1 gene in 118 breast tumors using Sanger sequencing and DOK1 mRNA expression level in 63 breast cancer samples using qRT-PCR methods. Although the mutation frequency was low DOK1 mRNA expression levels were significantly reduced (63.5%) in the tumors compared to adjacent non-cancerous tissue. We also correlated expression changes with clinicopathological characteristics. Low mRNA levels correlated with age (p = 0.01) and c-erbB-2 (p = 0.05). In most of the previous reports, down-regulation of DOK1 mRNA expression has been associated with promoter methylation. We identified four different coding sequence alterations in 5.1% (6/118) of the tumor samples. However, all of these alterations were located in the functional domains of the protein. Therefore, these mutations may affect the function and/or cellular localization of the protein and contribute to cancer progression by this way. In conclusion our data indicate that DOK1 acts as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer and association of Dok1 with the c-erbB-2 mediated mechanism of action in breast cancer needs to be investigated.

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Funding

The present work was supported by the Research Fund of Istanbul University (Project No: 22284).

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Correspondence to Nur Buyru.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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The study was approved by the Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty Ethics Committee (Approval number: 7814), and has been performed in accordance with the ethical standarts laid down in the 2013 Declaration of Helsinki. Signed informed consent was obtained from all patients included in the study.

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Tuna, E., Ersoy, Y.E., Bulut, P. et al. Analysis of the DOK1 gene in breast cancer. Mol Biol Rep 47, 1605–1612 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-020-05247-3

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