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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Uncovering the pathogenesis and identifying novel targets of pancreatic cancer using bioinformatics approach

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This article was retracted on 18 August 2015

Abstract

Pancreatic cancer is a uniformly lethal disease that can be difficult to diagnose at its early stage. Thus, our present study aimed to explore the underlying mechanism and identify new targets for this disease. The data GSE16515, including 36 tumor and 16 normal samples were available from Gene Expression Omnibus. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out using Robust Multichip Averaging and LIMMA package. Moreover, gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses were performed to DEGs. Followed with protein–protein interaction (PPI) network construction by STRING and Cytoscape, module analysis was conducted using ClusterONE. Finally, based on PubMed, text mining about these DEGs was carried out. Total 274 up-regulated and 93 down-regulated genes were identified as the common DEGs and these genes were discovered significantly enriched in cell adhesion and extracellular region terms, as well as ECM-receptor interaction pathway. In addition, five modules were screened out from the up-regulated PPI network with none in down-regulated network. Finally, the up-regulated genes, including MIA, MET and CEACAMS, and down-regulated genes, such as FGF, INS and LAPP, had the most references in text mining analysis. Our findings demonstrate that the up- and down-regulated genes play important roles in pancreatic cancer development and might be new targets for the therapy.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Heilongjiang Province (project number ZHY12-Z170). We wish to express our warm thanks to Fenghe(Shanghai) Information Technology Co., Ltd. Their ideas and help gave a valuable added dimension to our research.

Conflict of interest

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China

    Li-Li Zhao, Li-Wei Zhuang & Rui-Feng Wang

  2. Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China

    Tong Zhang

  3. Infectious Disease Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 148 Baojian Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China

    Bing-Zhu Yan

  4. Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 148 Baojian Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China

    Bing-Rong Liu

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  1. Li-Li Zhao
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  2. Tong Zhang
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  3. Li-Wei Zhuang
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  4. Bing-Zhu Yan
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Correspondence to Bing-Rong Liu.

Additional information

The Publisher and Editor retract this article in accordance with the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). After a thorough investigation we have strong reason to believe that the peer review process was compromised.

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Zhao, LL., Zhang, T., Zhuang, LW. et al. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Uncovering the pathogenesis and identifying novel targets of pancreatic cancer using bioinformatics approach. Mol Biol Rep 41, 4697–4704 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-014-3340-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-014-3340-1

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