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LRRK1, a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase, regulates leaf rolling through modulating bulliform cell development in rice

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Abstract

Moderate leaf rolling is useful in improving photosynthetic efficiency and grain yields. Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) play important roles in plant growth and development. However, little is known about their functions in rice leaf morphogenesis. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of LRRK1 (leaf rolling receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase 1), an RLCK gene involved in the regulation of leaf rolling. LRRK1 was mainly localized at the plasma membrane and was phosphorylated in vivo. Overexpression of LRRK1 in rice reduced the size of bulliform cells at the adaxial cell layers, which caused in turn adaxially rolled leaves. However, deficiency of LRRK1 in the lrrk1 mutant did not result in a detectable visual phenotype. LRRK1 could upregulate the expression of negative regulators but downregulate the expression of positive regulators of bulliform cell development. These results indicate that LRRK1 is a negative regulator involved in the bulliform cell development. Furthermore, the panicle numbers in LRRK1-overexpressing plants increased significantly compared with the wild-type plants under a rational close planting condition. Taken together, these findings suggest that LRRK1 plays an important role in regulating leaf rolling and is a promising candidate gene for breeding rice with ideal plant architecture and improved grain yield.

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Abbreviations

RLCK:

Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase

LRRK1:

Leaf rolling receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase 1

CIP:

Calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase

LRI:

Leaf rolling index

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China (No. 31170172 and 31571635), Important National Science and Technology Specific Projects (2016ZX08001-004), Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (2017JJ2042), Planned Science and Technology Project of Hunan Province (2017WK2012), Planned Science and Technology Project of Changsha City (kq1701028), and Public Subject of State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology (No. 150103).

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Author notes

  1. Yanbiao Zhou, Dan Wang and Ting Wu contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China

    Yanbiao Zhou, Dan Wang, Ting Wu, Cong Liu, Lu Yan, Dongying Tang, Xiaoying Zhao, Yonghua Zhu, Jianzhong Lin & Xuanming Liu

  2. Hunan Longping High-Tech Seeds Science Academy Co. Ltd., Changsha, 410119, China

    Yanbiao Zhou & Yuanzhu Yang

  3. Yuan Longping High-Tech Agriculture Co. Ltd., Changsha, 410001, China

    Yanbiao Zhou & Yuanzhu Yang

Authors
  1. Yanbiao Zhou
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  2. Dan Wang
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  3. Ting Wu
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  4. Yuanzhu Yang
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  5. Cong Liu
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Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: Y. Zhou, J. Lin, and X. Liu. Performed the experiments: Y. Zhou, D. Wang, and T. Wu. Partially participated in the experiments: Y. Yang, C. Liu, L. Yan, D. Tang, X. Zhao, and Y. Zhu. Analyzed the data: Y. Zhou, D. Wang, T. Wu, and J. Lin. Wrote the manuscript: Y. Zhou and J. Lin. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Jianzhong Lin or Xuanming Liu.

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Zhou, Y., Wang, D., Wu, T. et al. LRRK1, a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase, regulates leaf rolling through modulating bulliform cell development in rice. Mol Breeding 38, 48 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-018-0811-4

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