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Development and linkage mapping of novel sex-linked markers for marker-assisted cultivar breeding in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.)

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Abstract

The dioecious character of Pistacia vera L (the pistachio tree) limits its breeding capacity. Thus, early stage selection of males can save time, labor, and land. This study aimed to develop sex-linked single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, together with expressed sequence tag-derived simple sequence repeats (EST-SSRs), to determine position of the sex locus in pistachio by constructing a linkage map of its sex chromosome for the first time. Nine novel sex-linked SNP markers were successfully identified by SNaPshot minisequencing analysis of 25 SNP loci from 17 restriction site-associated DNA (RAD) reads in 309 individuals. All nine markers were heterozygous in females and homozygous in males supporting a ZW/ZZ sex determination system in pistachio. A total of 105 segregating SSRs and sex-linked markers were used to identify the sex chromosome and the position of the sex locus through analysis of a Siirt × Bağyolu F1 population with 122 progenies. Of these 105 markers, four common and four paternal SSRs were mapped onto the sex chromosome, along with the phenotypic sex locus and sex-linked markers. The resulting consensus map had a total length of 65.19 cM. The sex locus and sex-linked SNP markers were located in the center of the chromosome at a distance of 31.86 and 31.92 cM, respectively. This study presents valuable information about the sex chromosome and sex locus position as well as novel polymorphic EST-SSRs and nine sex-linked SNP markers in pistachio.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies (Project No. TAGEM/13/ARGE/22) at the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, and the Cukurova University Scientific Research Projects Unit (Project No: FDK-2015-3641, FBA-2015-4821, and FBA-2016-5606).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Çukurova, Adana, Turkey

    Mortaza Khodaeiaminjan, Ebru Kafkas & Salih Kafkas

  2. Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bozok, Yozgat, Turkey

    Murat Güney

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  1. Mortaza Khodaeiaminjan
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  2. Ebru Kafkas
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  3. Murat Güney
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Correspondence to Salih Kafkas.

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Data archiving statement

DNA sequences containing SNPs were deposited in GenBank (IDs KY882024- KY882032 (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/).

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Khodaeiaminjan, M., Kafkas, E., Güney, M. et al. Development and linkage mapping of novel sex-linked markers for marker-assisted cultivar breeding in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). Mol Breeding 37, 98 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-017-0705-x

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