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Neuro- and nephrotoxicity of subchronic cadmium chloride exposure and the potential chemoprotective effects of selenium nanoparticles

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Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) exposure leads to production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are associated with Cd-induced neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) have high bioavailability and antioxidant activities so it attracted wide spread attention. The present study examined the possible ameliorative effect of Se-NPs with diameters of 3–5 nm and 10–20 nm against cadmium chloride (CdCl2)-induced neuro- and nephrotoxicity in rats. Rats were treated with Se-NPs (0 or 0.5 mg/kg BW, s.c.) one hour prior to the CdCl2 (0 or 5 mg/kg BW, p.o.). Pretreatment with Se-NPs significantly decreased CdCl2-induced elevation of serum kidney and brain damage biomarkers; lipid peroxidation; the percent of DNA fragmentation and nearly normalized the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and significantly increased the activity and expression of antioxidant biomarkers in the RNA and protein levels. Se-NPs also attenuated CdCl2-induced upregulation of kidney and brain pro-apoptotic B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 associated X (Bax) RNA and protein levels with preventing the increased body burden of Cd and the altered Fe and Cu homeostasis. Histopathological analysis confirmed the biochemical and molecular outcomes. Our data stated that Se-NPs appear to be effective in ameliorating the adverse neurological and nephrotoxic effects induced by CdCl2 partially through the scavenging of free radicals, metal ion chelation, averting apoptosis and altering the cell-protective pathways. The results indicated that Se-NPs could potentially included as an additive to Cd-based industries to control Cd-induced brain and renal injury.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful for the assistance of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University. The authors acknowledge the scholars who published the articles included in the reference section of this manuscript.

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  1. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt

    Kadry M. Sadek

  2. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt

    Mohamed A. Lebda

  3. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr El-sheikh University, Kafr El-sheikh, Egypt

    Tarek K. Abouzed

  4. Department of Veterinary Genetics and Molecular biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt

    Sherif M. Nasr

  5. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr El-sheikh University, Kafr El-sheikh, Egypt

    Moustafa Shoukry

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Sadek, K.M., Lebda, M.A., Abouzed, T.K. et al. Neuro- and nephrotoxicity of subchronic cadmium chloride exposure and the potential chemoprotective effects of selenium nanoparticles. Metab Brain Dis 32, 1659–1673 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-017-0053-x

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