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Experimental investigation on heat transfer and flow characteristics of TiO2-water nanofluid in a heavy vehicle radiator

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Abstract

Experimental study is implemented in order to study the heat transfer and flow characteristics of an actual heavy vehicle radiator using nanofluid. Deionized water mixed with anatase TiO2 nanoparticles, called nanofluid, is utilized in a heavy vehicle radiator. By preparing nanofluid for different volume concentrations of TiO2 nanoparticles (0.025, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2%), experiments are carried out for various inlet temperatures (40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 °C) and volume flow rates (5, 8 and 11 LPM) at constant air velocity. Results show that heat transfer rate, heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number have their highest values at 0.05% volume concentration, 80 °C inlet temperature and 11 LPM volume flow rate. Moreover, the values of heat transfer rate, heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number are 2549.12 W, 858.62 W m−2·K−1, and 70.33 respectively, for the given case. The maximum enhancement in heat transfer rate, heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number is observed as 22.2, 48.2 and 48.1%, respectively, compared to pure water. Maximum pressure drop, about 2.7% in comparison with pure water, is obtained at 0.2% concentration at 40 °C inlet temperature and 11 LPM volume flow rate. In order to obtain information about the overall characteristic of the system, the performance coefficient is calculated, and the results show that the performance coefficient is above unity in the volume concentration range of 0.025–0.05% at each inlet temperature and flow rate used in this study.

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Abbreviations

A c :

Cross-sectional area, m2

A s :

Surface area, m2

c p :

Specific heat capacity, J kg−1·K−1

d :

Particle diameter, m

D h :

Hydraulic diameter, m

f :

Fanning friction factor

h :

Heat transfer coefficient, W m−2·K−1

k :

Thermal conductivity, W m−1·K−1

m :

Mass, kg

\(\dot{m}\) :

Mass flow rate, kg s−1

Nu:

Nusselt number

P :

Pressure, mbar

Pr:

Prandtl number

\(\dot{Q}\) :

Heat transfer rate, W

Re:

Reynolds number

T :

Temperature, K

µ :

Dynamic viscosity, kg m−1·s−1

ρ :

Density, kg m–3

φ :

Volume concentration

ɳ :

Performance coefficient

b:

Bulk

bf:

Base fluid

i:

İnlet

nf:

Nanofluid

o:

Outlet

p:

Particle

w:

Wall

NF:

Nanofluid

LPM:

Liter per minute

PEC:

Performance evaluation criteria

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Acknowledgements

The present study is financially supported by the Unit of Scientific Research Projects of Gazi University under the Project 06/2020-09.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey

    Emre Askin Elibol & Ahmet Firat Celik

  2. Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey

    Emre Askin Elibol, Oguz Turgut & Fatih Aktas

  3. Faculty of Engineering, Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey

    Halil Senol

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  1. Emre Askin Elibol
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Contributions

EAE contributed to writing-original draft preparation, conceptualization, investigation; OT contributed to writing-reviewing and methodology; FA contributed to carrying through uncertainty analysis; HS contributed to preparing nanofluid; AFC contributed to carrying out experiments.

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Correspondence to Emre Askin Elibol.

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Elibol, E.A., Turgut, O., Aktas, F. et al. Experimental investigation on heat transfer and flow characteristics of TiO2-water nanofluid in a heavy vehicle radiator. J Therm Anal Calorim 148, 977–994 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-022-11817-3

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