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Effect of various factors and diverse approaches to enhance the performance of solar stills: a comprehensive review

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Abstract

The need for fresh drinking water is increasing rapidly, and drinking water availability reduces day by day. Solar desalination is a viable option to change saltwater to fresh drinkable water. Solar still used for desalination includes processes like heating, evaporation, and condensation. The major problem faced by solar stills is that they have low productivity. Therefore, high demand for freshwater cannot be met. The present review aims to provide the researchers with an idea to select suitable methods for enhancing solar stills' performance. This article mainly focuses on the climatic, design, and operational parameters affecting the performance of solar stills. Results reveal that a combination of the incredible intensity of solar radiations, solar still type, and regions with optimum temperature can provide higher daily distillate output. Further, high productivity can be achieved with inclined solar stills by making an inclination angle equivalent to the location's latitude. A water depth of around 1 cm can provide the best output in terms of productivity for conventional solar stills. A combination of V-corrugated absorber plate with fins and energy storing materials coupled with external reflector plates can provide optimized conditions to enhance productivity. The performance of solar still can be improved by minimizing the gap between absorber plates and condensing cover. Finally, the sun tracking system, either single or dual axis in solar still, can enhance productivity.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan & Dr. Sagunthala R & D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, and the Mechanical Engineering Department, Imperial College of Engineering and Research, Pune, for providing the facilities and support. The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for the support they received through research groups program under grant number (R.G.P 2/138/42).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan and Dr. Sagunthala R & D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600062, India

    Laxmikant D. Jathar & S. Ganesan

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College of Engineering and Research, Pune, Maharashtra, 412207, India

    Laxmikant D. Jathar

  3. Centre of Excellence for Advanced Manufacturing Engineering, School of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, 1888, Adama, Ethiopia

    Kiran Shahapurkar

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Glocal University, Delhi-Yamunotri Marg, SH-57, Mirzapur Pole, Saharanpur District, Uttar Pradesh, 247121, India

    Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar

  5. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    M. A. Mujtaba

  6. Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia

    Ali E. Anqi

  7. Research Centre for Carbon Solutions, IMPEE, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK

    Muhammad Farooq

  8. Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Abdulqhadar Khidmatgar

  9. Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80259, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Marjan Goodarzi

  10. Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan

    Marjan Goodarzi

  11. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA

    Mohammad Reza Safaei

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  1. Laxmikant D. Jathar
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Correspondence to Marjan Goodarzi.

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Jathar, L.D., Ganesan, S., Shahapurkar, K. et al. Effect of various factors and diverse approaches to enhance the performance of solar stills: a comprehensive review. J Therm Anal Calorim 147, 4491–4522 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-021-10826-y

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