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Effect of dual flow arrangements on the performance of mini-channel heat sink: numerical study

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Abstract

Water-cooled heat sinks now gained the popularity due to increased heat generation inside the microprocessor. The generated high heat flux should be removed timely and uniformly for durability of microprocessor. In this work, the thermal performance of mini-channel heat sinks for fin spacing of 0.2 mm, 0.5 mm, 1 mm and 1.5 mm is numerically investigated with various dual flow arrangements. A uniform temperature distribution is observed for all dual flow arrangements discussed in this study which was not possible using single flow inlet/outlet. A direct influence of dual flow arrangements on base temperature and pressure drop of heat sink is evaluated. The results are then compared with the conventional single flow arrangement having same dimensioned heat sink available in the literature for water as well as for Al2O3–H2O nano-fluids. The maximum drop in base temperature was noted for rectangular inlet–circular outlet duct (no gap) flow arrangement as 14.3%, 15.4%, 16.06% and 15.6% for 0.2 mm, 0.5 mm, 1 mm and 1.5 mm fin spacing, respectively, as compared to the conventional single flow arrangement using water as a cooling fluid. Rectangular inlet–circular outlet duct (no gap) was found to be the best dual flow arrangement for all fin spacing investigated. The rectangular collector was then replaced by isosceles triangular collector for the best dual flow arrangement. The maximum reduction in net mass was noted as 12.0%, using isosceles triangular collector as compared to rectangular collector with same thermal performance. Dual rectangular inlet–circular outlet (no gap) flow arrangement highlights palpable improvement in hydrothermal performance compared to the conventional single circular inlet/outlet flow arrangement along with temperature uniformity.

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Abbreviations

A :

Width of finned section (mm)

A sf :

Surface area (mm2)

A c :

Cross-sectional area of channel (mm)

B :

Un-finned length (mm)

C d :

Circular duct diameter (mm)

C h :

Circular duct height (mm)

C p :

Specific heat capacity of water (J °C−1 kg−1)

d h :

Hydraulic diameter (mm)

F p :

Flow partition thickness (mm)

F t :

Flow thickness (mm)

g :

Gap thickness (mm)

h :

Height of fins (mm)

h c :

Convective heat transfer coefficient (W °C−1 m−2)

l :

Length of fins (mm)

k :

Thermal conductivity of fluid (W m−1 °C−1)

LMTD:

Log of Mean Temperature Difference (°C)

\(\dot{m}\) :

Mass flow rate (kg s−1)

P :

Wetted perimeter (m)

Pr:

Prandtl number of the fluid

ΔP :

Pressure difference (Pa)

p t :

Partition thickness (mm)

q :

Heat flux (W/cm2)

\(\dot{Q}\) :

Heat transfer rate (W)

R w :

Rectangular duct width (mm)

R h :

Rectangular duct height (mm)

R th :

Thermal resistance (°C W−1)

Re:

Reynolds number of fluid

s :

Fin spacing (mm)

T b :

Base temperature of heat sink (°C)

T o :

Fluid outlet temperature (°C)

T i :

Fluid inlet temperature (°C)

t :

Thickness of fins (mm)

t b :

Thickness of heat sink base plate (mm)

U in :

Inlet velocity (m s−1)

u, v, w :

Velocity in x, y, z, respectively (m s−1)

\(\dot{V}\) :

Volumetric flow rate (m3 s−1)

λ :

Thermal conductivity (W m−1 °C−1)

µ :

Dynamic viscosity (kg m−1 s−1)

ρ :

Density of fluid (kg m−3)

DCIRO:

Dual circular duct inlet–rectangular duct outlet

DRICO:

Dual rectangular duct inlet–circular duct outlet

DTRISRO:

Dual top rectangular duct inlet–side rectangular duct outlet

DSRITRO:

Dual side rectangular duct inlet–top rectangular duct outlet

ITC:

Isosceles triangular collector

LPM:

Litres per minute

MCHS:

Mini-channel heat sink

SCICO:

Single circular duct inlet–circular duct outlet

RC:

Rectangular collector

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wah Engineering College, University of Wah, Wah Cantt, Pakistan

    Hussain Ahmed Tariq

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Hussain Ahmed Tariq & Muhammad Anwar

  3. Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia

    Hafiz Muhammad Ali

  4. Mechanical Department, College of Electric and Mechanical Engineering, NUST, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

    Jamal Ahmed

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  1. Hussain Ahmed Tariq
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  2. Muhammad Anwar
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Correspondence to Hafiz Muhammad Ali.

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Tariq, H.A., Anwar, M., Ali, H.M. et al. Effect of dual flow arrangements on the performance of mini-channel heat sink: numerical study. J Therm Anal Calorim 143, 2011–2027 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-020-09617-8

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