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Improving hydrothermal performance of double-tube heat exchanger with modified twisted tape inserts using hybrid nanofluid

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Abstract

The experimental studies on Al2O3 + TiO2 hybrid nanofluid flowing under the turbulent condition in a double-tube heat exchanger with various modified V-cuts twisted tape inserts are performed to study the hydrothermal characteristics. The hybrid nanofluid is prepared with a volume concentration of 0.1% by dispersing Al2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticles by equal volume ratio in distilled water. The effect of using twisted tape turbulator (with and without V-cuts) and hybrid nanofluid on the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics are evaluated for different twist ratios, V-cut depth ratios, V-cut width ratios and hybrid nanofluid inlet temperatures. Results show that Nusselt number as well as friction factor increases with the decrease in twisting ratio, increase in depth ratio, decrease in width ratio and decrease in nanofluid inlet temperature. Maximum improvements in 132% for Nusselt number and 55% for friction factor are obtained as compared to that for the water in the tube without twisted tape. The values of thermal performance factor and entropy generation ratio are greater than unity for hybrid nanofluid for all modified twisted tape inserts.

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Abbreviations

EGR:

Entropy generation ratio

DR:

Depth ratio

LMTD:

Log mean temperature difference

TR:

Twist ratio

TPF:

Thermal performance factor

SEM:

Scanning electron microscope

WR:

Width ratio

\(c_{\text{p}}\) :

Specific heat capacity (J kg−1 K−1)

d :

Diameter (m)

D :

Width of the tape (m)

f :

Friction factor (–)

H :

Pitch of the tape (m)

k :

Thermal conductivity (W K−1 m−1)

Nu:

Nusselt number (–)

m :

Mass flow rate (kg s−1)

Pr:

Prandtl number (–)

Q :

Heat transfer rate (W)

Re:

Reynolds number (–)

S :

Entropy (W K−1)

T :

Temperature (K)

V :

Volume flow rate (lph)

\(\Delta p\) :

Pressure drop (Pa)

\(\emptyset\) :

Particle volume concentration (%)

µ :

Dynamic viscosity (Pa s)

\(\rho\) :

Density (kg m−3)

bf:

Base fluid

c:

Cold side

f:

Friction

gen:

Generation

hnf:

Hybrid nanofluid

ht:

Heat transfer

i, o:

Inner/outer

in, out:

Inlet and outlet

np:

Nanoparticle

it, ot:

Inner tube and outer tube

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (B.H.U.), Varanasi, UP, 221005, India

    Sumit Kr. Singh & Jahar Sarkar

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Appendix: Uncertainty analysis

Appendix: Uncertainty analysis

$$\frac{{\Delta \text{Re} }}{\text{Re}} = \sqrt {\left( {\frac{\Delta V}{V}} \right)^{2} + \left( {\frac{\Delta \mu }{\mu }} \right)^{2} + \left( {\frac{\Delta \rho }{\rho }} \right)^{2} }$$
(18)
$$\frac{\Delta \Pr }{\Pr } = \sqrt {\left( {\frac{{\Delta c_{\rm p} }}{{c_{\rm p} }}} \right)^{2} + \left( {\frac{\Delta \mu }{\mu }} \right)^{2} + \left( {\frac{\Delta k}{k}} \right)^{2} }$$
(19)
$$\frac{\Delta Q}{Q} = \sqrt {\left( {\frac{\Delta V}{V}} \right)^{2} + \left( {\frac{\Delta \rho }{\rho }} \right)^{2} + \left( {\frac{{\Delta c_{\rm p} }}{{c_{\rm p} }}} \right)^{2} + \left( {\frac{{\Delta \left| {T_{\rm in} - T_{\rm out} } \right|}}{{\left| {T_{\rm in} - T_{\rm out} } \right|}}} \right)^{2} }$$
(20)
$$\frac{\Delta U}{U} = \sqrt {\left( {\frac{\Delta Q}{Q}} \right)^{2} + \left( {\frac{{\Delta \left[ {\Delta T_{\rm LMTD} } \right]}}{{\Delta T_{\rm LMTD} }}} \right)^{2} }$$
(21)
$$\frac{{\Delta h_{\rm i} }}{{h_{\rm i} }} = \sqrt {\left( {\frac{\Delta U}{U}} \right)^{2} + \left( {\frac{{\Delta h_{\rm o} }}{{\Delta h_{\rm o} }}} \right)^{2} }$$
(22)
$$\frac{\Delta Nu}{Nu} = \sqrt {\left( {\frac{\Delta h}{h}} \right)^{2} + \left( {\frac{\Delta k}{k}} \right)^{2} }$$
(23)
$$\frac{\Delta f}{f} = \sqrt {\left( {\frac{{\Delta \left( {\Delta p} \right)}}{\Delta p}} \right)^{2} + \left( {\frac{\Delta \rho }{\rho }} \right)^{2} + \left( {\frac{2\Delta V}{V}} \right)^{2} }$$
(24)
$$\frac{\Delta TPF}{TPF} = \frac{1}{3}\sqrt {\left( {\frac{{3\Delta Nu_{\rm t} }}{{Nu_{\rm t} }}} \right)^{2} + \left( {\frac{{3\Delta Nu_{\rm p} }}{{Nu_{\rm p} }}} \right)^{2} + \left( {\frac{{\Delta f_{\rm t} }}{{f_{\rm t} }}} \right)^{2} + \left( {\frac{{\Delta f_{\rm p} }}{{f_{\rm p} }}} \right)^{2} }$$
(25)
$$\frac{{\Delta S_{\rm gen} }}{{S_{\rm gen} }} = \sqrt {\left( {\frac{\Delta V}{V}} \right)^{2} + \left( {\frac{{\Delta c_{\rm p} }}{{c_{\rm p} }}} \right)^{2} + \left( {\frac{{\Delta \ln \left( {\frac{{T_{\rm out} }}{{T_{\rm in} }}} \right)}}{{\ln \left( {\frac{{T_{\rm out} }}{{T_{\rm in} }}} \right)}}} \right)^{2} + \left( {\frac{\Delta (\Delta p)}{\Delta p}} \right)^{2} + 2\left( {\frac{\Delta \rho }{\rho }} \right)^{2} + \left( {\frac{{\Delta T_{\rm avg} }}{{T_{\rm avg} }}} \right)^{2} }$$
(26)
$$\frac{\Delta EGR}{EGR} = \sqrt {\left( {\frac{{\Delta S_{\rm gen} }}{{S_{\rm gen} }}} \right)^{2}_{\rm hnf} + \left( {\frac{{\Delta S_{\rm gen} }}{{S_{\rm gen} }}} \right)^{2}_{\rm bf} }$$
(27)

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Singh, S.K., Sarkar, J. Improving hydrothermal performance of double-tube heat exchanger with modified twisted tape inserts using hybrid nanofluid. J Therm Anal Calorim 143, 4287–4298 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-020-09380-w

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