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Cooling performance of Newtonian and non-Newtonian nanofluids in a square channel: experimental investigation and ANN modeling

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Abstract

The cooling performance of Newtonian and non-Newtonian nanofluids in a square duct was identified experimentally. The flow regime was laminar. Two-step method was used to prepare stable dispersions of γ-Al2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticles. Water and ethylene glycol were used as the base fluids of Newtonian, and a 0.5 mass% carboxymethyl cellulose in water was used as the base fluid of the non-Newtonian nanofluids. Nanoparticle concentration was in the range of 0.1–1.5% by volume. Heat transfer coefficient of nanofluids enhances significantly relative to the base fluids. The enhancement of heat transfer coefficient of nanofluids is proportional to the Peclet number and nanofluid concentration. Nanoparticles type and the base fluid affected the Newtonian nanofluids performance, while for non-Newtonian nanofluids this is not the case. The improvement in nanofluids heat transfer coefficient is more than just related to their thermal conductivity enhancement. The obtained experimental data were modeled by the artificial neural network (ANN). Two empirical correlations were also fitted on the data. The experimental data are well predicted by the ANN models and empirical correlations. Statistical criteria show that the ANN models are more accurate.

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Abbreviations

A :

Surface area (m2)

B :

Bias

Cp:

Specific heat (kJ kg−1 K−1)

D h :

Hydraulic diameter (m)

D o :

External diameter of middle tube (m)

D i :

Internal diameter of middle tube (m)

d :

External diameter of inner tube (m)

d p :

Nanoparticle diameter (m)

h :

Average heat transfer coefficient of Nanofluid (W m−2 K−1)

K :

Flow consistency index (Pa sn)

k :

Thermal conductivity (W m−1 K−1)

L :

Duct length (m)

\(\dot{m}\) :

Mass flow rate (kg s−1)

Nu:

Average Nusselt number (dimensionless)

n :

Flow behavior index (dimensionless)

Pe:

Peclet number (dimensionless)

Q :

Heat flux (W)

Re:

Reynolds number (dimensionless)

T s :

Duct wall temperature (K)

∆TLM :

Log-mean temperature difference (K)

U :

Overall heat transfer coefficient (W m−2 K−1)

u :

Average fluid velocity (m s−1)

w :

ANN weight

\(\dot{\gamma }\) :

Shear rate (s−1)

μ :

Viscosity (Pa s)

ρ :

Density (kg m−3)

φ :

Nanoparticle volume fraction (dimensionless)

bf:

Base fluid

in:

Input

nf:

Nanofluid

out:

Output

p:

Nanoparticles

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Maleke Ashtar University of Technology, P.O. Box 83145/115, Shahin Shahr, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran

    Mohammad Nasiri

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

    Mohammad Hojjat

  3. International Academy of Science, Engineering, and Technology, Ottawa, Canada

    Seyed Gholamreza Etemad

  4. Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran

    Seyed Gholamreza Etemad & Rouhollah Bagheri

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  1. Mohammad Nasiri
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  3. Seyed Gholamreza Etemad
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  4. Rouhollah Bagheri
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Correspondence to Mohammad Hojjat.

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Nasiri, M., Hojjat, M., Etemad, S.G. et al. Cooling performance of Newtonian and non-Newtonian nanofluids in a square channel: experimental investigation and ANN modeling. J Therm Anal Calorim 142, 2189–2202 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-020-09309-3

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