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Ca2+ and Mg2+ incorporated barium hexaferrites: structural and magnetic properties

  • Original Paper: Sol-gel and hybrid materials for dielectric, electronic, magnetic and ferroelectric applications
  • Published:
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Abstract

BaM hexaferrites substituted with both Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions, namely, Ba1-2×CaxMgxFe12O19 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1), synthesized during a sol–gel auto-combustion route. The hexaferrite phase and morphology of all samples were investigated using X-ray powder diffraction, a field emission scanning electron microscope, a high-resolution transmission microscope, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In addition, an M-type hexagonal structure was confirmed using XRD for all samples. FE-SEM and TEM revealed the shape of the hexagonal plate. Measurements of the magnetization versus the field M(H) of Ba1-2×CaxMgxFe12O19 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1) nanohexaferrites were conducted at 300 and 10 K. A hard-ferrimagnetic behavior at both 300 and 10 K was noted for the different products produced. The squareness ratio indicates the uniaxial anisotropy for various products. The deduced values of saturation magnetization (Ms) in all substituted samples are higher than in the pristine sample (x = 0). The Ba0.96Ca0.02Mg0.02Fe12O19 nanosized hexaferrite showed the highest values of Ms, remanence Mr, magneton number (nB), and magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant (Keff). In contrast, the values of the coercive field (Hc) and intrinsic coercivity (Hci) diminish with the increase in the amount of the substituted Ca and Mg elements.

Highlights

  • Nanosized Ba1-2×CaxMgxFe12O19 nanohexaferrites have been synthesized via sol–gel auto-combustion method.

  • XRD patterns showed a hexagonal structure with pure single phase.

  • Ba1-2×CaxMgxFe12O19 nanohexaferrites exhibit hard-ferrimagnetic behavior.

  • The saturation magnetization (Ms) and remanence (Mr) enhanced with Ca and Mg substitutions in BaM haxaferrites.

  • The coercive fields (Hc) decrease with Ca and Mg concentrations.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR) and the Institute for Research & Medical Consultations (IRMC) of Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University for providing financial assistance to this study (Application No, 2017-605-IRMC) and Core Labs of King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) for the use of their resources.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia

    M. A. Almessiere

  2. Department of Nano-Medicine Research, Institute for Research & Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia

    M. A. Almessiere, H. S. El Sayed & A. Baykal

  3. Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research & Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia

    Y. Slimani

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  1. M. A. Almessiere
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Correspondence to M. A. Almessiere.

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Almessiere, M.A., Slimani, Y., El Sayed, H.S. et al. Ca2+ and Mg2+ incorporated barium hexaferrites: structural and magnetic properties. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 88, 628–638 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-018-4853-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-018-4853-1

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