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Synthesis and characterization of polyvinylidene fluoride/functionalized silicon carbide nanocomposite membrane for water treatment

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Abstract

This study was aimed at developing an exclusive nanocomposite membrane with improved properties for salt removal using low-cost, biocompatible SiC nanoparticles. These nanoparticles were functionalized using APDEMS to make them more dispersible in polymer matrix. The membranes were synthesized after blending different weight% of nanoparticles 0.5 to 2 with PVDF using phase inversion technique. TEM images revealed an average diameter of nanoparticles of 30–50 nm and in the carbon spectrum by XPS analysis, confirming successful functionalization of SiC (f-SiC), evidenced by a new peak at 286.5 eV, pertinent to the C-N bond. FESEM, EDX, and AFM revealed that the dispersion of the f-SiC nanoparticles was well across the PVDF matrix, with a rougher surface. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that membrane with f-SiC was more thermally stable and had minimum leaching of nanoparticles which was also supported by EDX results. The f-SiC composite membrane provided 98.3% rejection of BSA compared to 73% rejection for pure PVDF membrane. The static and dynamic antifouling test proved that f-SiC composite membrane was better than pure PVDF. The water contact angle increased by 13.6%, contrary to the original PVDF membrane. The mean pore size and porosity of the composite f-SiC-PVDF membrane increased to 0.21 μm and 86.5% from 0.12 μm and 80% for pure PVDF, respectively. PVDF-2% f-SiC membrane was adjudicated the most suitable with 18.0 L/m2h permeate flux and 99.0% salt rejection of 0.5 M NaCl solution at 55 °C temperature gradient in the direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) test. These superior properties of membranes make them a promising candidate for desalination.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the CoE, Advanced Materials, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, from which we received help characterizing our customized membranes on a payment basis. We want to take this opportunity to thank Dr. Ganesh Ch. Sahoo, CSIR-CGCRI Kolkata; Dr. Sudip Chakraborty, University of Calabria, Italy; Dr. Mrinal Kanti Mandal, Chemical Engineering Department; and Prof. Joydeep Maity, Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department, NIT Durgapur, who extend their kind support in analytical part for the current research.

Funding

For growing the research work infrastructure, we received a grant from the Department of Science & Technology and Biotechnology, Govt. of West Bengal, containing Memo No. 49 (Sanc.)/ST/P/S&T/15G-6/2018.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India

    Joyeeta Bose & Jaya Sikder

  2. Department of Mechanical, Energy and Management Engineering (D.I.M.E.G.), University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 44C, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy

    Lorenzo Marchio

  3. Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India

    Utpal Adhikari

  4. Department of Chemistry, Brainware University, Barasat, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700125, India

    Deepshikha Datta

Authors
  1. Joyeeta Bose
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  2. Lorenzo Marchio
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  3. Utpal Adhikari
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  4. Deepshikha Datta
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  5. Jaya Sikder
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Correspondence to Jaya Sikder.

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Bose, J., Marchio, L., Adhikari, U. et al. Synthesis and characterization of polyvinylidene fluoride/functionalized silicon carbide nanocomposite membrane for water treatment. J Polym Res 30, 246 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-023-03624-7

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