Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Preparation and Characterization of Magnetic Iron Nanoparticles on Alginate/Bentonite Substrate for the Adsorptive Removal of Pb2+ Ions to Protect the Environment

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Polymers and the Environment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The problems associated with heavy metal pollutants in household and industrial wastewater affect both humans and the environment. Studies showed that bentonite/Fe3O4 nanoparticles and sodium alginate could be used for effective adsorption of lead ions. To this end, this study first synthesized four groups of bentonite magnetic nanoparticles (at the weights of 0.2, 0.4, 1, and 2 g of bentonite) and then examined their structural properties using the XRD, FT-IR and FE-SEM methods. In the next stage, the prepared magnetic nanoparticles were immobilized on alginate and the beads prepared for lead ions elimination in the synthetic pollutant solution at different adsorbent dosages, pH values, stirring rates, pollutant concentrations, and adsorption durations. The results show that the optimum condition for removal of Pb2+ was using 0.1 g of beads in solution pH of 7, contact time of 8 h for adsorption and stirring rate of 100 rpm. Furthermore, adsorption efficiency of the beads for adsorption of 30 ppm of Pb2+ solution was achieved about 98% and the adsorption of Pb2+ by using alginate magnetic beads following Freundlich isotherm model.

Graphic Abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

References

  1. Kubilay Ş, Gürkan R, Savran A, Şahan T (2007) Removal of Cu(II), Zn(II) and Co(II) ions from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto natural bentonite. Adsorption 13:41–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10450-007-9003-y

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Li R, Zhang T, Zhong H et al (2020) Bioadsorbents from algae residues for heavy metal ions adsorption: chemical modification, adsorption behaviour and mechanism. Environ Technol. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2020.1723711

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Ye S, Zeng G, Wu H et al (2019) The effects of activated biochar addition on remediation efficiency of co-composting with contaminated wetland soil. Resour Conserv Recycl 140:278–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.10.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Mandal S, Pu S, Adhikari S et al (2020) Progress and future prospects in biochar composites: application and reflection in the soil environment. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2020.1713030

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Shi J, Pang J, Liu Q et al (2020) Simultaneous removal of multiple heavy metals from soil by washing with citric acid and ferric chloride. RSC Adv 10:7432–7442. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9RA09999A

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Zheng X, Wu K, Sun P et al (2021) Effects of substrate types on the transformation of heavy metal speciation and bioavailability in an anaerobic digestion system. J Environ Sci 101:361–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2020.08.032

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Lawal AA, Hassan MA, Ahmad Farid MA et al (2020) One-step steam pyrolysis for the production of mesoporous biochar from oil palm frond to effectively remove phenol in facultatively treated palm oil mill effluent. Environ Technol Innov 18:100730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2020.100730

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Hou F-L, Lv G-H, Teng D-X (2020) Spatial variability characteristics and environmental effects of heavy metals in surface riparian soils and surface sediments of Qinggeda Lake. Hum Ecol Risk Assess Int J 26:2027–2043. https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2019.1641790

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Bereket G, Arog AZ, Özel MZ (1997) Removal of Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) from aqueous solutions by adsorption on bentonite. J Colloid Interface Sci 187:338–343. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcis.1996.4537

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Al-Rub FAA, El-Naas MH, Benyahia F, Ashour I (2004) Biosorption of nickel on blank alginate beads, free and immobilized algal cells. Process Biochem 39:1767–1773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2003.08.002

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Verma R, Asthana A, Singh AK et al (2017) Novel glycine-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles entrapped calcium alginate beads for effective removal of lead. Microchem J 130:168–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2016.08.006

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Katircioğlu H, Aslim B, Rehber Türker A et al (2008) Removal of cadmium(II) ion from aqueous system by dry biomass, immobilized live and heat-inactivated Oscillatoria sp. H1 isolated from freshwater (Mogan Lake). Bioresour Technol 99:4185–4191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.08.068

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Peng L, Qin P, Lei M et al (2012) Modifying Fe3O4 nanoparticles with humic acid for removal of Rhodamine B in water. J Hazard Mater 209–210:193–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.01.011

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Nasrullah A, Bhat AH, Naeem A et al (2018) High surface area mesoporous activated carbon-alginate beads for efficient removal of methylene blue. Int J Biol Macromol 107:1792–1799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.045

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Bouberka Z, Kacha S, Kameche M et al (2005) Sorption study of an acid dye from an aqueous solutions using modified clays. J Hazard Mater 119:117–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.11.026

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Ait Sidhoum D, Socías-Viciana MM, Ureña-Amate MD et al (2013) Removal of paraquat from water by an Algerian bentonite. Appl Clay Sci 83–84:441–448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2013.07.007

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Dewangan T, Tiwari A, Bajpai AK (2009) Removal of arsenic ions from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto biopolymeric crosslinked calcium alginate beads. Toxicol Environ Chem 91:1055–1067. https://doi.org/10.1080/02772240802585012

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Clark DE, Green HC (1936) Alginic acid and process of making same

  19. Babu AN, Sree TR, Reddy DS et al (2019) Experimental and statistical analysis of As(III) adsorption from contaminated water using activated red mud doped calcium-alginate beads. Environ Technol. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2019.1681520

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Mahmoodi NM (2013) Magnetic ferrite nanoparticle–alginate composite: synthesis, characterization and binary system dye removal. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 44:322–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2012.11.014

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Naga Babu A, Krishna Mohan GV, Kalpana K, Ravindhranath K (2017) Removal of lead from water using calcium alginate beads doped with hydrazine sulphate-activated red mud as adsorbent. J Anal Methods Chem 2017:4650594. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4650594

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Ravikumar KVG, Kubendiran H, Ramesh K et al (2020) Batch and column study on tetracycline removal using green synthesized NiFe nanoparticles immobilized alginate beads. Environ Technol Innov 17:100520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2019.100520

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Tan WS, Ting ASY (2014) Alginate-immobilized bentonite clay: adsorption efficacy and reusability for Cu(II) removal from aqueous solution. Bioresour Technol 160:115–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.12.056

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Hu Z-H, Omer AM, Ouyang X, Yu D (2018) Fabrication of carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal/sodium alginate hydrogel beads for adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solution. Int J Biol Macromol 108:149–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.171

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Kumar R, Kim S-J, Kim K-H et al (2018) Removal of hazardous hexavalent chromium from aqueous phase using zirconium oxide-immobilized alginate beads. Appl Geochem 88:113–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2017.04.002

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Papageorgiou SK, Katsaros FK, Kouvelos EP et al (2006) Heavy metal sorption by calcium alginate beads from Laminaria digitata. J Hazard Mater 137:1765–1772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.05.017

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Wu D, Gao Y, Li W et al (2016) Selective Adsorption of La3+ using a tough alginate-clay-poly(n-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel with hierarchical pores and reversible re-deswelling/swelling cycles. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 4:6732–6743. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b01691

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Gopalakannan V, Viswanathan N (2016) One pot synthesis of metal ion anchored alginate–gelatin binary biocomposite for efficient Cr(VI) removal. Int J Biol Macromol 83:450–459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.10.010

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Zhang H, Omer AM, Hu Z et al (2019) Fabrication of magnetic bentonite/carboxymethyl chitosan/sodium alginate hydrogel beads for Cu(II) adsorption. Int J Biol Macromol 135:490–500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.185

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Ahmad T, Danish M, Kale P et al (2019) Optimization of process variables for biodiesel production by transesterification of flaxseed oil and produced biodiesel characterizations. Renew Energy 139:1272–1280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.03.036

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Abdelkrim S, Mokhtar A, Djelad A et al (2020) Chitosan/Ag-bentonite nanocomposites: preparation, characterization, swelling and biological properties. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 30:831–840. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-019-01219-8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Martínez-Costa JI, Maldonado Rubio MI, Leyva-Ramos R (2020) Degradation of emerging contaminants diclofenac, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim and carbamazepine by bentonite and vermiculite at a pilot solar compound parabolic collector. Catal Today 341:26–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2018.07.021

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Khan SA, Siddiqui MF, Khan TA (2020) Ultrasonic-assisted synthesis of polyacrylamide/bentonite hydrogel nanocomposite for the sequestration of lead and cadmium from aqueous phase: equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamic studies. Ultrason Sonochem 60:104761. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104761

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Belaroui LS, Millet JMM, Bengueddach A (2004) Characterization of lalithe, a new bentonite-type Algerian clay, for intercalation and catalysts preparation. Catal Today 89:279–286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2003.12.020

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Oladipo AA, Gazi M (2014) Enhanced removal of crystal violet by low cost alginate/acid activated bentonite composite beads: Optimization and modelling using non-linear regression technique. J Water Process Eng 2:43–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2014.04.007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Yan L, Li S, Yu H et al (2016) Facile solvothermal synthesis of Fe3O4/bentonite for efficient removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution. Powder Technol 301:632–640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2016.06.051

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Removal of Cd and Pb Ions from Aqueous Solutions Using Bentonite-Modified Magnetic Nanoparticles | Semantic Scholar. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Removal-of-Cd-and-Pb-Ions-from-Aqueous-Solutions-Al-Farhan/3c6c795ebd99620478bccccd665355aa2e87e3ce. Accessed 18 Mar 2020

  38. Shi L, Zhang X, Chen Z (2011) Removal of Chromium(VI) from wastewater using bentonite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron. Water Res 45:886–892. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.09.025

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Shahwan T, Üzüm Ç, Eroğlu AE, Lieberwirth I (2010) Synthesis and characterization of bentonite/iron nanoparticles and their application as adsorbent of cobalt ions. Appl Clay Sci 47:257–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2009.10.019

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Merrikhpour H, Jalali M (2013) Sorption processes of natural iranian bentonite exchanged with Cd2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, and Pb2+ cations. Chem Eng Commun 200:1645–1665. https://doi.org/10.1080/00986445.2012.759561

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Çelekli A, Yavuzatmaca M, Bozkurt H (2010) An eco-friendly process: predictive modelling of copper adsorption from aqueous solution on Spirulina platensis. J Hazard Mater 173:123–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.08.057

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Jiang L, Ye Q, Chen J et al (2018) Preparation of magnetically recoverable bentonite–Fe3O4–MnO2 composite particles for Cd(II) removal from aqueous solutions. J Colloid Interface Sci 513:748–759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2017.11.063

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Tzu TW (2013) Sorption of Pb(II), Cd(II), and Ni(II) toxic metal ions by alginate-bentonite. J Environ Prot 04:51–55. https://doi.org/10.4236/jep.2013.41B010

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Gopalakannan V, Periyasamy S, Viswanathan N (2016) Synthesis of assorted metal ions anchored alginate bentonite biocomposites for Cr(VI) sorption. Carbohydr Polym 151:1100–1109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.06.030

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Mittal A, Ahmad R, Hasan I (2016) Biosorption of Pb2+, Ni2+ and Cu2+ ions from aqueous solutions by l-cystein-modified montmorillonite-immobilized alginate nanocomposite. Desalination Water Treat 57:17790–17807. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1086900

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Xia M, Zheng X, Du M et al (2018) The adsorption of Cs+ from wastewater using lithium-modified montmorillonite caged in calcium alginate beads. Chemosphere 203:271–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.129

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Hassan AF, Abdel-Mohsen AM, Fouda MMG (2014) Comparative study of calcium alginate, activated carbon, and their composite beads on methylene blue adsorption. Carbohydr Polym 102:192–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.10.104

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Biosorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution by softstem bulrush (Scirpus tabernaemontani Gmel.) - Li - 2008 - Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology - Wiley Online Library. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.1989. Accessed 18 Mar 2020

  49. Ahmad R, Mirza A (2015) Sequestration of heavy metal ions by Methionine modified bentonite/Alginate (Meth-bent/Alg): A bionanocomposite

  50. Fabryanty R, Valencia C, Soetaredjo FE et al (2017) Removal of crystal violet dye by adsorption using bentonite – alginate composite. J Environ Chem Eng 5:5677–5687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2017.10.057

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Benli B, Boylu F, Can MF et al (2011) Rheological, electrokinetic, and morphological characterization of alginate–bentonite biocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 122:19–28. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.33627

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Chen L, Huang Y, Huang L et al (2011) Characterization of Co(II) removal from aqueous solution using bentonite/iron oxide magnetic composites. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 290:675–684. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-011-1337-y

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Shabani E, Salimi F, Jahangiri A (2019) Removal of arsenic and copper from water solution using magnetic iron/bentonite nanoparticles (Fe3O4/bentonite). Silicon 11:961–971. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-018-9895-z

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Wan D, Li W, Wang G et al (2015) Adsorption and heterogeneous degradation of rhodamine B on the surface of magnetic bentonite material. Appl Surf Sci 349:988–996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.05.004

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Dao HV, Ngeh LN, Bigger SW, Orbell JD (2006) Achievement of 100% removal of oil from feathers employing magnetic particle technology. J Environ Eng 132:555–559. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2006)132:5(555)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Lim S-F, Zheng Y-M, Zou S-W, Chen JP (2008) Characterization of copper adsorption onto an alginate encapsulated magnetic sorbent by a combined FT-IR, XPS, and mathematical modeling study. Environ Sci Technol 42:2551–2556. https://doi.org/10.1021/es7021889

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Zhang H, Liang X, Yang C et al (2016) Nano γ-Fe2O3/bentonite magnetic composites: synthesis, characterization and application as adsorbents. J Alloys Compd 688:1019–1027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.07.036

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Eren E, Afsin B (2008) Investigation of a basic dye adsorption from aqueous solution onto raw and pre-treated bentonite surfaces. Dyes Pigments 76:220–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2006.08.019

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Yang S, Okada N, Nagatsu M (2016) The highly effective removal of Cs+ by low turbidity chitosan-grafted magnetic bentonite. J Hazard Mater 301:8–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.08.033

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Alfaro-Cuevas-Villanueva R, Hidalgo-Vázquez AR, de Cortés Penagos C (2014) Thermodynamic, kinetic, and equilibrium parameters for the removal of lead and cadmium from aqueous solutions with calcium alginate beads. ScientificWorldJournal 2014:647512. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/647512

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  61. Barreca S, Orecchio S, Pace A (2014) The effect of montmorillonite clay in alginate gel beads for polychlorinated biphenyl adsorption: isothermal and kinetic studies. Appl Clay Sci 99:220–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2014.06.037

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Tayyebi A, Khanchi A, Ghofrani MB, Outokesh M (2010) Synthesis and characterization of a bentonite-alginate microspherical adsorbent for removal of uranyl ions from aqueous solutions. Sep Sci Technol 45:288–298. https://doi.org/10.1080/01496390903255903

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Kapoor A, Viraraghavan T (1998) Use of immobilized bentonite in removal of heavy metals from wastewater. J Environ Eng 124:1020–1024. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1998)124:10(1020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Zou C, Jiang W, Liang J et al (2019) Removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions by adsorption on magnetic bentonite. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26:1315–1322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3652-0

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Tzu TW, Tsuritani T, Sato K (2013) Sorption of Pb(II), Cd(II), and Ni(II) toxic metal ions by alginate-bentonite. J Environ Prot 4:51–55. https://doi.org/10.4236/jep.2013.41B010

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Edathil AA, Pal P, Banat F (2018) Alginate clay hybrid composite adsorbents for the reclamation of industrial lean methyldiethanolamine solutions. Appl Clay Sci 156:213–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2018.02.015

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Ai L, Li M, Li L (2011) Adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution with activated carbon/cobalt ferrite/alginate composite beads: kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics. J Chem Eng Data 56:3475–3483. https://doi.org/10.1021/je200536h

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Bée A, Talbot D, Abramson S, Dupuis V (2011) Magnetic alginate beads for Pb(II) ions removal from wastewater. J Colloid Interface Sci 362:486–492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2011.06.036

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Shukla A, Zhang Y-H, Dubey P et al (2002) The role of sawdust in the removal of unwanted materials from water. J Hazard Mater 95:137–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3894(02)00089-4

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Olu-Owolabi BI, Popoola DB, Unuabonah EI (2010) Removal of Cu2+ and Cd2+ from aqueous solution by bentonite clay modified with binary mixture of goethite and humic acid. Water Air Soil Pollut 211:459–474. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-009-0315-2

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Çetinkaya Dönmez G, Aksu Z, Öztürk A, Kutsal T (1999) A comparative study on heavy metal biosorption characteristics of some algae. Process Biochem 34:885–892. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-9592(99)00005-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Chen Y-G, Ye W-M, Yang X-M et al (2011) Effect of contact time, pH, and ionic strength on Cd(II) adsorption from aqueous solution onto bentonite from Gaomiaozi, China. Environ Earth Sci 64:329–336. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-010-0850-6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Ijagbemi CO, Baek M-H, Kim D-S (2009) Montmorillonite surface properties and sorption characteristics for heavy metal removal from aqueous solutions. J Hazard Mater 166:538–546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.11.085

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Kumar Reddy DH, Lee SM (2012) Water pollution and treatment technologies. J Environ Anal Toxicol. https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000e103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. Hsu Y-C, Chiang C-C, Yu M-F (1997) Adsorption behavior of basic dyes on activated clay. Sep Sci Technol 32:2513–2534. https://doi.org/10.1080/01496399708000783

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Oubagaranadin JUK, Murthy ZVP, Mallapur VP (2010) Removal of Cu(II) and Zn(II) from industrial wastewater by acid-activated montmorillonite-illite type of clay. Comptes Rendus Chim 13:1359–1363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crci.2010.05.024

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Wang M, Huang Z-H, Liu G, Kang F (2011) Adsorption of dimethyl sulfide from aqueous solution by a cost-effective bamboo charcoal. J Hazard Mater 190:1009–1015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.04.041

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Djebri N, Boutahala M, Chelali N-E et al (2016) Enhanced removal of cationic dye by calcium alginate/organobentonite beads: Modeling, kinetics, equilibriums, thermodynamic and reusability studies. Int J Biol Macromol 92:1277–1287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.08.013

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Shawky HA (2011) Improvement of water quality using alginate/montmorillonite composite beads. J Appl Polym Sci 119:2371–2378. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.32694

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Munagapati VS, Kim D-S (2017) Equilibrium isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics studies for congo red adsorption using calcium alginate beads impregnated with nano-goethite. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 141:226–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.03.036

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Kumar NS, Woo H-S, Min K (2012) Equilibrium and kinetic studies on biosorption of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol from aqueous solutions by Acacia leucocephala bark. Colloids Surf B 94:125–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.01.048

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Futalan CM, Kan C-C, Dalida ML et al (2011) Comparative and competitive adsorption of copper, lead, and nickel using chitosan immobilized on bentonite. Carbohydr Polym 83:528–536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.08.013

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

Not applicable.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Chemistry, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Mousa Yari, Pirouz Derakhshi, Kambiz Tahvildari & Maryam Nozari

Authors
  1. Mousa Yari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Pirouz Derakhshi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Kambiz Tahvildari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Maryam Nozari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Pirouz Derakhshi.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Yari, M., Derakhshi, P., Tahvildari, K. et al. Preparation and Characterization of Magnetic Iron Nanoparticles on Alginate/Bentonite Substrate for the Adsorptive Removal of Pb2+ Ions to Protect the Environment. J Polym Environ 29, 2185–2199 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-020-02028-8

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-020-02028-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation