Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Worse Breast Cancer Outcomes for Southern Nevadans, Filipina and Black Women

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Breast cancer is the second deadliest cancer for women in the demographically unique mountainous west state of Nevada. This study aims to accurately characterize breast cancer survival among the diverse women of the flourishing Silver State. Nevada Central Cancer Registry data was linked with the National Death Index and the Social Security Administration Masterfile. Overall 5-year age-adjusted cause-specific survival, survival stratified by race/ethnicity, and stage-specific survival stratified by region of Nevada were calculated. Adjusted hazard ratios were computed with Cox proportional hazards regression. 11,111 cases of breast cancer were diagnosed from 2003 to 2010. Overall 5-year breast cancer survival in Nevada was 84.4 %, significantly lower than the US, at 89.2 %. Black and Filipina women had a higher risk of death than white women. Poor survival in the racially and ethnically diverse Las Vegas metropolitan area, with a large foreign-born population, drives Nevada’s low overall survival. System-wide changes are recommended to reduce the racial/ethnic disparities seen for black and Filipina women and improve outcomes for all.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. American Cancer Society. Breast Cancer Facts & Figures 2015–2016. Atlanta: American Cancer Society, Inc.; 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  2. DeSantis CE, Fedewa SA, Goding Sauer A, Kramer JL, Smith RA, Jemal A. Breast cancer statistics, 2015: convergence of incidence rates between black and white women. CA: a Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 2015.

  3. US Census Bureau. Nevada QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau. (2015). Retrieved from http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/12000.html>; Accessed November, 2015. http://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045214/32005,32029,32510,32031,32003.

  4. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2015. CA Cancer J Clin. 2015;65(1):5–29.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. United Health Foundation. America’s Health Rankings Annual Report. Retrieved from https://www.apha.org/publications-and-periodicals/reports-and-issue-briefs/americas-health-rankings. Published 2015.

  6. Pinheiro PS, Reid S, Saccucci C, Harris D, Guinan M. Cancer in Nevada. Nevada: Carson City; 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Nevada Cancer Coalition: State of Nevada Comprehensive Cancer Control Plan 2016-2020. Retrieved from http://nevadacancercoalition.org/comprehensive-cancer-control/nevada-cancer-plan. Published 2015.

  8. Flanagan R, Hardcastle J. Nevada’s Asian Population 2010: Supplement to 2010 Census Brief: the Asian Population 2010. Nevada: Nevada State Demographer’s Office; 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Corazziari I, Quinn M, Capocaccia R. Standard cancer patient population for age standardising survival ratios. Eur J Cancer. 2004;40(15):2307–16.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Griswold T, Packham J, Etchegoyhen L, Marchand C. UNSOM Rural Health Report: Nevada Rural and Frontier Health Data Book. 7th ed. Reno, NV: Nevada State Office of Rural Health; 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Daly B, Olopade OI. A perfect storm: how tumor biology, genomics, and health care delivery patterns collide to create a racial survival disparity in breast cancer and proposed interventions for change. Cancer J Clin. 2015;65(3):221–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Van Ravesteyn NT, Schechter CB, Near AM, Heijnsdijk EA, Stoto MA, Draisma G, et al. Race-specific impact of natural history, mammography screening, and adjuvant treatment on breast cancer mortality rates in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. 2011;20(1):112–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Silber JH, Rosenbaum PR, Clark AS, Giantonio BJ, Ross RN, Teng Y, et al. Characteristics associated with differences in survival among black and white women with breast cancer. JAMA. 2013;310(4):389–97.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Clarke CA, Keegan TH, Yang J, Press DJ, Kurian AW, Patel AH, et al. Age-specific incidence of breast cancer subtypes: understanding the black-white crossover. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2012;104(14):1094–101.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Kohler BA, Sherman RL, Howlader N, Jemal A, Ryerson AB, Henry KA, et al. Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, 1975–2011, Featuring Incidence of Breast Cancer Subtypes by Race/Ethnicity, Poverty, and State. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2015 Mar 30;107(6):djv048.

  16. Iqbal J, Ginsburg O, Rochon PA, Sun P, Narod SA. Differences in breast cancer stage at diagnosis and cancer-specific survival by race and ethnicity in the United States. JAMA. 2015;313(2):165–73.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Smith-Bindman R, Miglioretti DL, Lurie N, Abraham L, Barbash RB, Strzelczyk J, et al. Does utilization of screening mammography explain racial and ethnic differences in breast cancer? Ann Intern Med. 2006;144(8):541–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Gorin SS, Heck JE, Cheng B, Smith SJ. Delays in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment by racial/ethnic group. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166(20):2244–52.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Lund MJ, Brawley OP, Ward KC, Young JL, Gabram SS, Eley JW. Parity and disparity in first course treatment of invasive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2008;109(3):545–57.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Dehal A, Abbas A, Johna S. Racial disparities in clinical presentation, surgical treatment and in-hospital outcomes of women with breast cancer: analysis of nationwide inpatient sample database. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2013;139(2):561–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Keating NL, Kouri E, He Y, Weeks JC, Winer EP. Racial differences in definitive breast cancer therapy in older women: are they explained by the hospitals where patients undergo surgery? Med Care. 2009;47(7):765–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Berz JP, Johnston K, Backus B, Doros G, Rose AJ, Pierre S, et al. The influence of black race on treatment and mortality for early-stage breast cancer. Med Care. 2009;47(9):986–92.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Ryu SY, Crespi CM, Maxwell AE. What factors explain disparities in mammography rates among Asian-American immigrant women? A population-based study in California. Womens Health Issues. 2013;23(6):e403–10.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Migration Policy Institute: Filipino Immigrants in the United States. Available from http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/filipino-immigrants-united-states. Published July 21, 2015.

  25. Chan DS, Vieira AR, Aune D, Bandera EV, Greenwood DC, McTiernan A, et al. Body mass index and survival in women with breast cancer-systematic literature review and meta-analysis of 82 follow-up studies. Ann Oncol. 2014;25(10):1901–14.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. McCracken M, Olsen M, Chen MS, Jemal A, Thun M, Cokkinides V, et al. Cancer incidence, mortality, and associated risk factors among Asian Americans of Chinese, Filipino, Vietnamese, Korean, and Japanese ethnicities. CA Cancer J Clin. 2007;57(4):190–205.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Kwong SL, Chen MS, Snipes KP, Bal DG, Wright WE. Asian subgroups and cancer incidence and mortality rates in California. Cancer. 2005;104(S12):2975–81.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Lin SS, Clarke CA, Prehn AW, Glaser SL, West DW, O’Malley CD. Survival differences among Asian subpopulations in the United States after prostate, colorectal, breast, and cervical carcinomas. Cancer. 2002;94(4):1175–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Onitilo AA, Engel JM, Liang H, Stankowski RV, Miskowiak DA, Broton M, et al. Mammography utilization: patient characteristics and breast cancer stage at diagnosis. Am J Roentgenol. 2013;201(5):1057–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Miller JW, King JB, Joseph DA, Richardson LC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Breast cancer screening among adult women–Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2012 Jun 15;61 Suppl:46–50.

  31. Bleyer A, Welch HG. Effect of three decades of screening mammography on breast-cancer incidence. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(21):1998–2005.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Chatterjee NA, He Y, Keating NL. Racial differences in breast cancer stage at diagnosis in the mammography era. Am J Public Health. 2013;103(1):170–6.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  33. Wang F, McLafferty S, Escamilla V, Luo L. Late-stage breast cancer diagnosis and health care access in Illinois∗. Prof Geogr. 2008;60(1):54–69.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. Packham J, Griswold T, Etchegoyhen L, Marchand C. UNSOM Health Policy Report: Physician Workforce in Nevada—2014 Edition. Reno, NV: Nevada State Office of Statewide Initiatives; July 2014.

  35. Hillner BE, Smith TJ, Desch CE. Hospital and physician volume or specialization and outcomes in cancer treatment: importance in quality of cancer care. J Clin Oncol. 2000;18(11):2327–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Skinner KA, Helsper JT, Deapen D, Ye W, Sposto R. Breast cancer: do specialists make a difference? Ann Surg Oncol. 2003;10(6):606–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Las Vegas Chamber of Commerce: Critical Condition—Why we need a UNLV Medical School Now. Retrieved from http://www.lvchamber.com/news/critical-condition-why-we-need-unlv-medical-school-now. Published March 2, 2015.

  38. Chaudhry R, Goel V, Sawka C. Breast cancer survival by teaching status of the initial treating hospital. CMAJ. 2001;164(2):183–8.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  39. Hébert-Croteau N, Brisson J, Lemaire J, Latreille J, Pineault R. Investigating the correlation between hospital of primary treatment and the survival of women with breast cancer. Cancer. 2005;104(7):1343–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Wu XC, Lund MJ, Kimmick GG, Richardson LC, Sabatino SA, Chen VW, et al. Influence of race, insurance, socioeconomic status, and hospital type on receipt of guideline-concordant adjuvant systemic therapy for locoregional breast cancers. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30(2):142–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Pinheiro PS, Morris CR, Liu L, Bungum TJ, Altekruse SF. The impact of follow-up type and missed deaths on population-based cancer survival studies for Hispanics and Asians. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 2014;2014(49):210–7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This project was supported by a NV/INBRE grant to the second author from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences. (8 P20 GM103440-11).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 S Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA

    Karen E. Callahan, Paulo S. Pinheiro, Nevena Cvijetic & Rachel E. Kelly

  2. Nevada Central Cancer Registry, 4126 Technology Way #200, Carson City, NV, 89706, USA

    Carmen P. Ponce

  3. Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA

    Erin N. Kobetz

Authors
  1. Karen E. Callahan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Paulo S. Pinheiro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Nevena Cvijetic
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Rachel E. Kelly
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Carmen P. Ponce
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Erin N. Kobetz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Paulo S. Pinheiro.

Ethics declarations

Conflicts of interest

None.

Human and Animal Rights

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Callahan, K.E., Pinheiro, P.S., Cvijetic, N. et al. Worse Breast Cancer Outcomes for Southern Nevadans, Filipina and Black Women. J Immigrant Minority Health 19, 1330–1337 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-016-0475-2

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-016-0475-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation